Drugs that actively fight stomach diseases are grouped depending on the type of disease and most of them contain bismuth. The list of gastrointestinal diseases includes inflammation and damage to the gastric and intestinal mucosa of varying degrees, which require an integrated approach to treatment.
Medicines with bismuth combine antibacterial properties with healing and protecting the surface of the ulcer. These products are produced in a convenient form and can be selected depending on the composition for patients of different groups.
Pharmacological properties of the drug Bismuth subcitrate
Antiulcer agent. In the acidic environment of gastric juice, insoluble bismuth oxychloride and citrate are precipitated, forming highly adhesive, persistent, insoluble chelate complexes with proteins on the surface of ulcers and erosions, which form a protective film on the surface of the mucosal defect. The layer of bismuth-protein complex prevents the destructive effects of hydrochloric acid and pepsin and promotes the healing of erosions or ulcers. Does not change the acidity of gastric contents and does not cause hypergastrinemia. It has a cytoprotective effect due to the ability to increase the secretion of bicarbonate ions and the synthesis of prostaglandin E2, which stimulates the formation of mucus. In addition, it has a bactericidal effect against Helicobacter pylori , a microorganism that contributes to the development of chronic gastritis type B and peptic ulcers. Practically not absorbed in the digestive tract. It is excreted mainly in feces. A small amount of bismuth ions that enter the systemic circulation from the digestive tract is excreted from the body in the urine.
Classification
Preparations containing bismuth, the list of which is quite wide, have similar characteristics and effects.
All medicinal formulations with bismuth have a beneficial effect on the stomach and duodenum, in particular:
- promote the secretion and thickening of mucus, envelop the surface of the stomach;
- activate epithelial growth processes;
- have a pronounced bactericidal effect against the bacterium Helicobacter Hilary;
- promote healing and rapid tissue restoration.
Based on their composition, drugs of this type are divided into:
- including only bismuth with a small addition of auxiliary substances;
- containing other components in addition to bismuth, including those of natural origin.
Preparations containing bismuth, the list of which is divided by composition, are distinguished by the type of medication taken:
- taken before meals (de-nol);
- consumed after meals (vikair).
There are medications with bismuth used:
- exclusively for the treatment of damaged gastrointestinal tissues (ulcers, gastritis);
- for other diseases not associated with violations of the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract (irritable bowel syndrome).
Bismuth-containing preparations vary depending on the quantitative inclusion in tablets (from 304 to 111 mg) of the main substance (bismuth), which have varying degrees of exposure and contraindications.
Depending on the desired result, the attending physician has the opportunity to prescribe to the patient a medicine and a method of taking it that optimally corresponds to his state of health and type of disease.
Use of the drug Bismuth subcitrate
120 mg 3 times a day 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch and dinner and 4 times before bed. Take 1-2 sips of water (but not milk). Treatment is carried out for 4–6 weeks. If necessary, the duration of treatment can be increased to 8 weeks, then take a break for 8 weeks, during which it is not recommended to take other products containing bismuth. For Helicobacter pylori infection, it is rational to combine treatment with bismuth subcitrate with oral administration of metronidazole 250 mg 4 times a day and amoxicillin 500 mg 4 times a day for 10 days. In case of intolerance or hypersensitivity to amoxicillin, it is recommended to take tetracycline at a dose of 500 mg 3 times a day. The effectiveness of such therapy aimed at eradicating Helicobacter pylori reaches 95%.
Top 10 drugs from the pharmacy
Preparations containing bismuth, the list of which includes several dozen drugs, consist of high-tech components. The unique composition of drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by inflammation and damage to the surface layer of the stomach and intestines affects the volume of positive effects of each drug. The most effective drugs in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases are:
Vikair
In addition to bismuth, the medicine largely includes natural ingredients that are actively used as gastrointestinal remedies.
So the vikair includes:
- crushed calamus rhizome and buckthorn bark;
- magnesium carbonate;
- sodium bicarbonate.
Preparations containing bismuth, the list of which is quite wide and allows you to choose a remedy for the initial or acute stages of the disease, are used in the fight against a large list of diseases. Vikair is used for hyperacid gastritis, stomach and intestinal ulcers.
Vikair is produced in tablets of various dosages, which can have the following effects:
- relieve spasms from muscle tissue;
- promote the secretion of mucus and enveloping the surface of the mucosa;
- have a laxative effect;
- reduce stomach acidity due to antacid properties.
Vikair is used 2 hours after a meal, 1-2 tablets. 3 times a day. The tablets are taken with a sufficient amount of water. The period of taking the medicine is 30-45 days. The Vikair course can be repeated in the future.
Vikair is suitable for treating any group of patients, with the exception of patients with hypoacid gastritis, in which the drug reduces the ability to digest food.
The drug should be used with caution in the presence of chronic cholecystitis and a tendency to bleeding. Otherwise, the product effectively promotes the restoration and healing of the gastrointestinal mucosa, changing only the color of calla lilies to black.
Vikair should be taken in the exact dosage, otherwise the patient may experience diarrhea, which quickly stops without special treatment. The drug is sold freely in pharmacies, without a prescription. The average cost of a medicine reaches 130 rubles.
De-nol
The drug is considered one of the most common products containing bismuth.
The drug is made entirely of bismuth dicitrate combined with additional substances:
- 6000 macrogol;
- potassium polyacrylate;
- hypromellose, which is present only in the shell.
The medicine is available only in the form of tablets of various shapes and volumes. Sold in de-nol pharmacies without a certificate in quantities sufficient for a course of treatment.
The product has:
- active antiseptic properties;
- effectively promotes the release of mucus on the surface of the stomach and intestines, thereby protecting the surface from damage;
- reduces acidity;
- relieves inflammation from tissues;
- increases the resistance of the gastric mucosa to the action of bile salts;
- helps restore affected mucosal surfaces and restore them.
De-nol for the most part does not penetrate into the blood and is quickly eliminated from the body.
The remedy is used in a number of cases, in particular for:
- irritable bowel syndrome, which causes diarrhea;
- exacerbation of stomach or intestinal ulcers;
- gastroduodenitis and gastritis at any stage;
- functional dyspepsia, which is not a consequence of lesions of the stomach and intestines.
De-Nol is a complete analogue of Bismuth tripotassium dicitrate
The medicine is used orally with a small amount of water. It is recommended to do this 35 minutes in advance. before the start of the meal. A single dose is calculated for each patient individually. Children 4-8 years old. give 8 mg/kg per day or 1/3 tablet, 8-12 l. 1 tablet is prescribed. 2 times a day. And for older children and adults, 1 tablet. 4 times or 2 tablets. twice a day. Treatment time is 30-60 days.
| Age, years | Dosage and number of doses per day |
| 4-8 | 4 mg/kg 2 times a day |
| 8-12 | 1 table 2 times a day |
| 12-16 | 1 table 3-4 times a day |
| Over 16 | 1 table 4 times a day |
De-nol can be taken by any patient, with the exception of:
- pregnant women and women breastfeeding;
- patients with intolerance to bismuth or other components of the drug;
- patients with severe impairment of basic renal functions.
If the established maximum daily dose is exceeded, the patient may experience:
- nausea;
- stools that are too loose or hard;
- redness and slight itching of the skin.
A one-time excess of the dose causes temporary changes that completely disappear after reducing the number of medications taken per day.
If the daily dose is constantly exceeded, encephalopathy may gradually develop, which is caused by the accumulation of bismuth in the central nervous system. However, its symptoms also quickly disappear with a course of sorbents. The cost of de-nol is on average 350 rubles.
Vikalin
The drug includes a group of compounds that have a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract, such as:
- bismuth subnitrate;
- alder buckthorn bark dust;
- rutoside;
- magnesium carbonate.
The drug is available in tablet form and is sold without a prescription.
Vikalin has many useful properties:
- it reduces inflammation and spasms;
- helps reduce stomach acidity;
- activates astringent processes, due to which the surface of the mucous membrane is covered with a membrane;
- the components of the product have an antibacterial and healing effect;
- has a mild laxative effect.
The drug is prescribed for gastritis, various degrees of manifestation of gastric and intestinal ulcers in the stage of remission or exacerbation.
Take Vikalin after meals orally, with a small amount of clean water. To increase the effectiveness of the drug, it is recommended to crush the tablets or dissolve them in water. The medicine is prescribed in 1-2 tablets. 3 times a day for 28-60 days. If a positive effect is achieved, the drug can be re-prescribed after a break.
Due to its complex composition, the medicine has a number of contraindications, which include:
- renal failure;
- increased sensitivity to the components of the drug;
- chronic appendicitis;
- period of pregnancy and lactation;
- hypoacid gastritis;
- age up to 18 years.
The list of contraindications can be expanded due to the individual characteristics of the patient. When using a drug containing bismuth, minor side effects may occur, which are fleeting in nature, in the form of allergies (rash, itching) and increased stool frequency. Such manifestations do not have a negative impact and disappear after stopping taking the drug.
In case of overdose, side effects may increase, but do not cause much harm to health.
The cost of the drug ranges from 90 to 130 rubles.
Escape
The medicine is a foreign-made drug, which consists entirely of tripotassium bismuth dicitrate with limited auxiliary components (povidone, magnesium stearate, film coating).
The drug has the following effects:
- removes inflammation from tissues;
- has astringent properties and helps rapid healing of surfaces;
- protects damaged mucous membranes and fights bacteria;
- strengthens the surface of the mucous membrane.
Escape is used in the following cases:
- functional dyspepsia;
- chronic manifestations of gastritis and gastroduodenitis;
- exacerbation of chronic ulcers of the duodenum and stomach.
The release form of the product is tablets that are drunk within 35 minutes. before the start of the meal. Children 4-8 years old. the drug is prescribed in 1/3 tablet, and 8-12 liters. 1 tab. Before breakfast and dinner. Children over 12 years old. and adults escape is prescribed 1 t. 4 times a day. The course of treatment is 1-2 months.
The drug is recommended for use by all categories of patients, with the exception of:
- patients aged 1-3 years;
- women during the period of bearing and feeding a child;
- patients with chronic renal failure.
In addition, escape should not be combined with other medications that include bismuth.
In some cases, when taking the drug, the following may occur:
- vomit;
- diarrhea or prolonged constipation;
- change in stool color;
- skin rash and itching;
- a mild form of encephalopathy that quickly goes away when you stop taking the drug.
If the daily dose is exceeded, the medicine contributes to the appearance of a rash and redness of the mucous membrane inside the mouth, as well as disruption of the basic function of the kidneys. All side effects completely disappear after washing and stopping taking the drug. The medicine is sold at a price of 350 rubles. over the counter.
Ulcavis
It is considered an effective remedy in the fight against gastrointestinal diseases. In addition to tripotassium bismuth dicitrate, the necessary components are added to the composition of Ulcavis (potassium polykrilin, magnesium stearate, corn starch).
The drug has many useful properties:
- antibacterial properties;
- enveloping effect;
- improves the stability of the intestinal and gastric mucosa;
- helps to increase the growth of epidermal tissue in the damaged area;
- relieves inflammation.
Ulcavis is absorbed into the blood in a small dose and is quickly eliminated from the body, so it is most often used for:
- functional dyspepsia not caused by gastrointestinal diseases;
- gastroduodenitis and gastritis in the acute stage;
- irritable bowel syndrome accompanied by diarrhea;
- chronic or acute ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Ulcavis is produced in the form of tablets, which are taken orally within 40 minutes. before meals. A single dose is calculated individually for patients with 4 liters. and adults, taking into account individual health characteristics. For adults, the drug is prescribed 1 tablet. 3-4 times a day. The treatment period takes 4-8 weeks. After 2 months After a break, the drug can be re-prescribed by your doctor.
Ulcavis has a simple composition, so it can be used in most cases. However, lactating and pregnant women, people with obvious impaired renal function and bismuth intolerance should refrain in order to avoid a negative reaction from the body.
In rare cases, the medicine may cause minor side effects such as:
- redness and itching of the skin;
- the appearance of slight nausea;
- increased bowel movements or constipation.
Such manifestations occur in 3% of cases and quickly disappear after stopping the drug. If the maximum dose is exceeded during the day for a long period of time, the patient may develop encephalopathy, which quickly disappears after washing or a few days after stopping taking the drug.
Ulcavis is widely distributed and is sold to patients in pharmacies without a prescription. The cost of packaging is 210 rubles.
Novobismol
Like other bismuth-containing drugs, it belongs to the group of antiulcer drugs. The composition of the medicine includes tripotassium bismuth dicitrate, auxiliary components (povidone, macrogol) and shell substances (opadry).
Novobismol is prescribed in the following cases:
- ulcerative lesions of the intestines and duodenum;
- acute manifestation of gastritis and gastroduodenitis;
- functional dyspepsia, which is not a consequence of stomach diseases;
- irritable stomach syndrome with diarrhea.
The drug is produced in the form of tablets that have:
- high bactericidal activity;
- knit and cover the surface of the stomach and intestines with a thin film;
- relieve inflammation and promote tissue restoration;
- strengthen the surface of the gastrointestinal mucosa;
- create a favorable environment for tissue growth at the site of the lesion.
Tablets of the drug are taken before meals, washed down with a small amount of water, 30-40 minutes before meals. Children 4-8 years old. Prescribe approximately 1/3 tablet, and 8-12 liters. 1 tab. in the morning and in the evening. For adults and children over 12 years of age, the drug is prescribed 3 times a day, 1 tablet. The treatment period is up to 2 months. with a mandatory subsequent break of 8 weeks.
After starting the drug, it may cause minor ailments such as:
- nausea;
- frequent bowel movements, constipation;
- skin rash.
Such symptoms can be especially active when the dose of the drug is exceeded, which can subsequently provoke the appearance of encephalopathy. After taking activated carbon and stopping the medication, the patient's health condition is completely restored.
Novobismol is not prescribed to the following categories of patients:
- children under 4 years old;
- pregnant and lactating women;
- patients with bismuth intolerance and impaired renal function.
The drug is available from pharmacies without a prescription and costs 360 rubles.
Vitridinol
The drug has a simple composition and includes tripotassium bismuth dicitrate and standard auxiliary components.
The drug is considered:
- anti-inflammatory;
- antiulcer;
- astringent;
- bactericidal;
- healing agent.
Medicine is prescribed according to indications for:
- any manifestations of gastritis and gastroduodenitis;
- peptic ulcer of the stomach and intestines;
- irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia.
Due to the lack of study of the effects, the medicine is not prescribed for use by pregnant and lactating women, people with bismuth intolerance and kidney problems.
Vitridinol is produced in the form of tablets that are drunk with water half an hour before meals. The daily dose is determined based on the state of health and type of disease. Adults and children over 12 years old. 1 tablet is prescribed. 4 times a day. Children 8-12 years old: 1 tablet, and 4-8 liters. 1/3 tab. in the morning and in the evening. The course of administration is up to 60 days, but the drug has a positive effect after 3 days of administration.
In rare cases, 4-5 days after starting treatment, the patient may experience minor side effects in the form of redness and rash on the skin, nausea and constipation. If the daily dose of medication is exceeded, side effects may intensify and symptoms of encephalopathy may appear, which quickly disappear when taking sorbents.
Vitridinol is sold without a prescription for 400 rubles. average.
Vikanol life
The drug contains tripotassium bismuth dicitrate and the necessary auxiliary components in small doses as components.
- when placed in a humid environment, the drug promotes the production of mucus and gently envelops the surface of the tissue;
- medicinal components have active antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties;
- the drug helps to produce a new layer of epidermis at the site of the lesion and increases the resistance of the mucous membrane to the negative effects of acid and enzymes.
Vicanol Life is used in the case of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers at any stage of manifestation and irritable bowel syndrome for all groups of patients. Exceptions include women during pregnancy and lactation, patients with significant impairment of kidney function and intolerance to the components of the drug.
The medicine in tablet form is taken orally with water. It is recommended to do this 20-40 minutes in advance. before meals. The daily dose and order of administration are calculated individually by the attending physician. Adults and children 12 years old. and older are prescribed 1 tablet. 3-4 times a day. The medicine is taken in courses of 30-60 days. After completing the course, it is recommended to take a break from taking it for 2 months.
After starting treatment, some patients may experience minor side symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea and skin rashes. If the drug is taken in a larger dosage, the side effects are significantly increased, and the accumulation of the active substance contributes to the development of encephalopathy.
All changes are minor and temporary and do not require special treatment. Vicanol Life is sold without a prescription at a price of 400 rubles.
Ventrisol
It is a drug consisting entirely of tripotassium bismuth dicitrate with minimal addition of auxiliary components, and has a reduced concentration of the active substance.
The drug is prescribed for ulcerative lesions of the duodenum and stomach, inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
After administration, the drug actively promotes:
- I precisely envelop the affected areas of the mucous membranes of the intestines and stomach;
- increasing the resistance of the mucous membrane to acid;
- filling the affected areas with the components of the drug and their rapid healing.
Do not use the medicine only in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and during breastfeeding, with significant impairment of kidney function.
After starting treatment, the drug may in some cases cause mild vomiting and nausea. With a significant overdose of the drug over a long period, the patient may experience diarrhea or constipation, or skin rashes. When the dosage is restored, all negative manifestations disappear.
It is recommended to drink the product 2 hours after or half an hour before the start of a meal. Adults are prescribed 1 tablet. 3-4 times a day. For children, the dose is calculated individually based on 7-8 mg/kg per day. The calculated dose is divided into 2 doses during the day. The course of treatment is 28-56 days.
The drug is sold without a prescription and costs an average of 250 rubles.
Bismopepsin
The medicine is a Russian-made drug and contains 306.4 mg of tripotassium bismuth dicitrate with additional excipients and a shell.
The drug has excellent pharmacological properties:
- the medicine envelops and protects the superficial tissues of the stomach and intestines;
- helps accelerate the healing of ulcers;
- actively suppresses Helicobacter Hilary bacteria;
- relieves inflammation and increases resistance to the effects of pepsin, the acid of the gastric mucosa.
Medicine is prescribed for:
- irritable bowel syndrome associated with diarrhea;
- functional dyspepsia with a healthy gastrointestinal tract;
- gastroduodenitis and gastritis;
- duodenal and intestinal ulcers.
Bismopepsin is produced in the form of tablets that are taken half an hour before a meal or 2-3 hours after it. The tablets are taken with a sufficient amount of water. The exact dose of the drug is prescribed by the doctor, taking into account the individual health status. Adults and children over 12 years old. 1 tablet is prescribed. 3-4 times a day. Children 4-8 years old. the drug is given in 1/3 tablet, and 8-12 liters. 1 tab. before breakfast and dinner. The treatment period ranges from 28 to 60 days.
After starting treatment, certain categories of patients may experience mild nausea, increased bowel movements, or skin rashes.
In case of overdose, symptoms intensify and are accompanied by diarrhea or constipation. If the daily dosage is exceeded for a long time, encephalopathy may occur, the symptoms of which disappear completely after taking sorbents.
Bismopepsin is not prescribed:
- during pregnancy and lactation
- if you are sensitive to the components of the drug;
- acute renal dysfunction;
- children under 4 years old.
The drug has effective effects and is widely available as it is sold without a prescription. The price of the package reaches 180 rubles.
The list of drugs that contain bismuth is quite wide and varied. Thanks to modern technologies, preparations containing bismuth have an increased active effect.
Depending on the type of exposure and dose of the active substance, the gastroenterologist prescribes a course of treatment individually for each patient. Any treatment with bismuth-containing drugs takes time, but after starting treatment they give effective results and help restore the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.
Special instructions for the use of the drug Bismuth subcitrate
Long-term use of bismuth subcitrate in high doses is not recommended due to the possible development of reversible encephalopathy. It was revealed that at the end of treatment, the concentration of the active substance in the blood plasma is about 5 μg/l, and a negative effect is observed only at a concentration of 100 μg/l. During treatment you should refrain from drinking alcohol. Bismuth sulfide formed as a result of taking bismuth subcitrate can turn stool black. 30 minutes before and after taking bismuth subcitrate, you must refrain from drinking drinks, solid food, milk, and taking antacids.
Overdose of Bismuth subcitrate, symptoms and treatment
With frequent use of high doses, reversible renal failure may develop, the symptoms of which may appear after 10 days or later. If signs of bismuth subcitrate poisoning appear, it is necessary to rinse the stomach, prescribe activated charcoal and saline laxatives. Monitoring of kidney function and bismuth concentrations in the blood and urine is indicated. Symptomatic treatment is carried out. In case of impaired renal function, accompanied by a high level of bismuth in the blood plasma, complexing agents - dimercaptosuccinic and dimercaptopropanesulfonic acids - can be administered. In severe renal failure, hemodialysis is indicated.
List of pharmacies where you can buy Bismuth subcitrate:
- Moscow
- Saint Petersburg
Bismuth in forensic medicine
Bismuth in forensic medicine is important in case of poisoning Ch. arr. soluble compounds used in medicine, cosmetics, perfumes, etc. Slightly soluble compounds of V. can also cause poisoning. In case of poisoning with V. compounds, clinical phenomena and pathological changes are not specific. Proof of V.'s poisoning is a chemical and toxicological analysis of the internal organs of a corpse (kidneys, liver), urine, feces and other objects.
Isolation of V. compounds from objects of study is carried out by mineralization with a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids.
Qualitative detection of V. in mineralizate is based on the formation reaction (in the presence of potassium iodide) of a complex of V. with 8-hydroxyquinoline, colored orange. The complex is extracted with a mixture of acetone and amyl acetate; the layer of organic solvent is colored from light orange to bright crimson. Another reaction for qualitative detection of V. is the reaction with thiourea. The sensitivity of each reaction is 0.005 μg, allowing detection of ca. 0.1 mg V. per 100 g of tissue of the organ under study. Microcrystalline reactions to B are used as confirmatory reactions.
Quantitative determination of V. is carried out using volumetric (complexometric) and photoelectrocolorimetric (based on the reaction of V. with thiourea) methods.
