Gastroprotectors. List of drugs with proven effectiveness, mechanism of action

Principle and mechanism of action of gastroprotectors

Depending on the principle of action, gastroprotectors can be film-forming or non-film-forming. Specialists separately identify prostaglandins. Doctors cannot accurately trace the mechanism of action of all gastroprotectors, since the effect on the body differs depending on the composition and some other features.

• Film-forming drugs create a kind of protective film on the surface of the stomach, which prevents the negative effects of food, drinks and other substances on the tissue. Under this film, gradual restoration of the mucous membranes occurs, and the progression of the disease stops. Such drugs are prescribed when there is damage to the tissues, and hydrochloric acid, necessary for normal digestion, negatively affects the walls of the stomach.

• Non-film-forming drugs usually suppress the production of hydrochloric acid, which leads to a weakening of the negative effects on the walls of the organ. An additional property of these medications is the ability to activate the body's natural defenses, which leads to tissue restoration and improvement of general condition.
• Prostaglandins are not used so often for the treatment of gastric pathologies due to the increased risk of complications. The principle of their action is based on increasing the production of mucus and substances with protective properties by the stomach.

Advantages and disadvantages

Gastroprotectors (the list of drugs with proven effectiveness includes drugs with different components in their composition) have many advantages, therefore they are often used to treat pathologies of the digestive tract and prevent complications:

• They help to quickly eliminate the manifestations of diseases, which alleviates the condition of patients.
• Can be used for a long time. This is especially important for patients who suffer from chronic forms of disease.
• Drugs from this group can be used in combination with other medications to increase the effectiveness of therapy.
• Less likely to provoke negative reactions when used correctly than other medications.
• Many products have a positive effect not only on the mucous membranes, but also stimulate regeneration processes, improve microcirculation and tissue nutrition, and have a beneficial effect on the entire digestive system.
• Prevents the development of complications such as peptic ulcers or perforation of the stomach walls against the background of damage to all its layers.

Such advantages make it possible to use medications for different patients and at different stages of the pathological process.

But I also have disadvantages. Some of them are sold in pharmacies only with a doctor's prescription and are used only for the treatment of adults, as they act aggressively. Many medications are used only in long courses because they do not have a therapeutic effect immediately. Another disadvantage is the dosage form of medications, which is not always convenient to take.

De-Nol

This medication contains 120 mg of bismuth per tablet. "De-Nol" destroys the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and protects the stomach from acid. De-Nol works best in combination with antibiotics. This drug must be prescribed by a doctor and is approved for children over 4 years of age. The cost of De-Nol is high, and while taking it you may experience constipation, and your stool may turn dark.

De-nol

Astellas Pharma Europe, Russia

De-Nol is an antiulcer drug containing the active substance – bismuth subcitrate.
De-Nol belongs to the group of astringent drugs, however, it has a multifaceted effect, influencing various parts of the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. The main pharmacological effects of the drug include astringent, antimicrobial and gastrocytoprotective effects. from 302

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Indications for use

Gastroprotectors are prescribed for various diseases of the digestive tract. The list of drugs is extensive and allows you to select products with proven effectiveness that have the maximum therapeutic effect:

• Peptic ulcer in acute and chronic form with damage to the walls of the stomach. The remedies are also used in cases where not only the stomach is affected, but also the duodenum.
• Gastritis with increased and decreased acidity of gastric juice. Some medications in the group are not prescribed for low acidity, but in most cases medications are indicated.

• An erosive form of gastritis with the threat of developing a peptic ulcer.
• Dyspeptic disorders due to damage to the mucous membranes of the stomach. At the same time, medications help eliminate heartburn, nausea, vomiting, pain and belching.
• The development of gastritis and peptic ulcers against the background of frequent stressful conditions, nervous disorders, chronic psycho-emotional disorders or overwork.

The drugs can be used in the treatment of ulcers that develop while taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Nexium

This is a modern remedy for the treatment of gastritis and reflux disease, which has almost no side effects. Nexium is a proton pump inhibitor that permanently reduces the amount of acid in the stomach. Nexium helps relieve inflammation and heal stomach ulcers, and the effect after treatment lasts a long time. This drug for gastritis is not cheap, but the price is quite justified, especially since it can also be prescribed to children.

Nexium

AstraZeneca, Sweden

Gastroesophageal reflux disease: treatment of erosive reflux esophagitis;
long-term maintenance treatment after healing of erosive reflux esophagitis to prevent relapse; symptomatic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease; Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum As part of combination therapy: treatment of duodenal ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori; prevention of relapses of peptic ulcers associated with Helicobacter pylori. Long-term acid suppression therapy in patients who have suffered bleeding from a peptic ulcer (after intravenous use of drugs that reduce the secretion of gastric glands to prevent relapse). Patients taking NSAIDs for a long time: healing of gastric ulcers associated with taking NSAIDs; prevention of gastric and duodenal ulcers associated with taking NSAIDs in patients at risk. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or other conditions characterized by pathological hypersecretion of the gastric glands, including from 127

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The next group of drugs are antacids, which eliminate excess acid in the stomach.

Contraindications

Medicines are not always allowed to be used, as they can cause complications.

Contraindications include the following conditions:

• The period of lactation and childbearing. Only some medications are allowed to be used at this time, but in each case, consultation with a specialist is required.
• Acute cerebrovascular accident.
• Diagnosing intestinal obstruction, in which the use of medications can provoke severe complications.
• Acute or chronic severe renal failure.
• Detection of severe forms of liver failure in patients with impaired functioning of the organ.
• Intolerance to any component in a particular medicine.
• Colitis in acute form with disruption of the large intestine.

• Intestinal atony, when the passage of food through it is disrupted. At the same time, many medications can provoke complications and aggravate symptoms against the background of stagnation.
• Childhood. Each medicine has its own age restrictions, so you should first consult with a specialist.
• Acute period after myocardial infarction.

Any drug may have other contraindications, so it is important to first study the instructions for use, which describe all the features. Medicines are used with caution in the treatment of elderly patients who suffer from severe pathologies of the heart and blood vessels.

Vikair

This medicine for gastritis contains not only bismuth from Helicobacter pylori, but also plant components (buckthorn bark, calamus rhizome extract), as well as magnesium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. This composition of Vikair makes it both an antispasmodic, an antacid and a drug with an astringent and laxative effect. The medicine has low cost and excellent effectiveness, so it is popular in the treatment of gastritis. But it is worth remembering that Vikair is contraindicated during pregnancy and children.

Vikair

Side effects

Gastroprotectors (the list of drugs with proven effectiveness includes medications that reduce the acidity of gastric juice) can provoke complications, especially if the instructions are not followed. Compliance with all the rules does not guarantee the absence of complications.

Disorders can affect the nervous system and provoke:

• headache;
• weakness;
• fatigue.

During treatment, it is possible to develop insomnia, decreased performance, and irritability due to these symptoms. Manifestations usually disappear after stopping the use of the medicine, but in some cases special symptomatic treatment is required.

Complications from the digestive tract occur frequently. The most common is stool disorder in the form of constipation or diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Patients may report pain in the stomach and intestines. Sometimes, if the medication is not suitable for a particular patient, the symptoms of the underlying disease may worsen.

Disorders from the urinary system rarely occur.

Sometimes patients talk about:

• frequent urination;
• pain in the kidney area;
• change in urine color;
• the appearance of pus or blood impurities.

Allergies to medications from this group occur frequently and are accompanied by classic symptoms such as:

• rash;
• irritation;
• peeling of the skin.

Patients talk about itching and the spread of the rash to large areas of the body. To prevent complications, you should use the medication only for its intended purpose and in the absence of contraindications.

Rennie

"Rennie" are heartburn tablets with different flavors (they are even available without sugar). Rennie contains calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxycarbonate. In the stomach, this gastritis medicine neutralizes excess acid. At the same time, the drug increases the production of mucus, which protects the stomach and heals damage to the mucosa. "Rennie" begins to act very quickly - literally three to five minutes after administration. The big advantage of these tablets is that they can be taken by pregnant women (and heartburn is a common occurrence during this period).

Rennie

Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH, Germany

The drug is taken for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract associated with increased acidity of gastric juice
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Overdose

Medicines can provoke an overdose, which significantly worsens the patient's condition.

The most common manifestations of overdose:

• Severe headache and dizziness.
• Repeated vomiting during the day, not associated with food intake.
• Cramps.
• Severe pain in the stomach area.
• Flatulence and bloating.
• Stool disorders accompanied by frequent loose stools.
• Impaired consciousness.
• The development of acute urticaria, which is accompanied by swelling of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth. In this case, patients may notice lacrimation, discharge of a large amount of mucus from the nose, as well as difficulty in nasal breathing.

Often, an overdose provokes Quincke's edema, in which swelling of the mucous membranes of the throat is observed, disrupting the passage of air, suffocation and even respiratory arrest. Such complications threaten the patient's life. If signs of overdose appear, it is important to immediately visit a doctor who will prescribe symptomatic therapy.

Side effects

Each group has its own undesirable actions.

• Film-forming . Abnormal bowel movements, bloating and abdominal pain, allergic reactions. When taking bismuth preparations, the color of the stool is black, which automatically normalizes after stopping taking it.
• Non-film-forming . Sodium and water retention occurs in the body, potassium loss increases, due to this, blood pressure increases and numerous edema appears.
• Prostaglandins . Gastrointestinal dysfunction, allergic reactions, uterine bleeding, miscarriages, dizziness and headaches.

If side effects do not bother you (as is the case with black stool), use continues as usual. If they cause significant harm to human health, then you should contact your doctor and replace the drug.

Be sure to read:

Gastroenteritis: how is the pathology manifested and treated?

The best drugs of the group with proven effectiveness

Gastroprotectors (the list of drugs with proven effectiveness includes medications in different dosage forms) are available in several forms, which allows you to use the most convenient option in each case.

Most often used:

• pills;
• capsules;
• gels;
• suspensions for oral administration.

Solutions for parenteral administration are often prescribed.

Capsules

Drugs in this dosage form are considered the most popular and effective, as well as convenient to use. There are several proven medications prescribed to patients.

Such drugs should be prescribed by a doctor, who will determine the dosage and duration of the medication course.

Pills

The tablets are considered very effective and are used often, especially when taking the course at home. Products in this form may contain different active ingredients.

Vikair

Vikair contains bismuth, as well as several other components that have a healing effect:

• Buckthorn bark.
• Mania carbonate.
• Sodium bicarbonate.
• Calamus rhizome.

This composition helps improve the condition of the mucous membranes of the stomach and prevents complications. Tablets are prescribed for gastritis, dyspeptic disorders accompanied by constipation and increased acidity of gastric juice.

Take 1 tablet 3 times a day for 2 weeks. After this, the patient visits a doctor, who determines the advisability of further use or discontinues the medication.

Novobismol

Novobismol is used to eliminate heartburn, pain in the stomach and destroy Helicobacter pylori. The drug is indicated for gastritis, peptic ulcers and dyspeptic disorders.

It is prescribed in long courses of 30 days with daily intake of 2 tablets per day at equal intervals. Repeated courses can be prescribed after a 2-3 month break.

Venter

Venter is a drug from the group of gastroprotectors, which belongs to the subgroup of prostaglandins. The drug has pronounced properties and contains sucralfate as an active ingredient.

Most often, the medicine is prescribed for peptic ulcers, since it has pronounced gastroprotective and antiulcer properties. When taken, the component of the composition increases the local protective forces of the stomach walls and prevents the progression of pathologies.

Take tablets for 2-4 weeks, 2 tablets per day at equal intervals. If necessary, treatment is extended or shortened, but always after completion of the course a re-examination is required to assess the effectiveness of therapy.

Gels and suspensions

Medicines in this form usually contain components aimed at reducing the acidity of gastric juice and protecting the walls of the stomach from the aggressive effects of hydrochloric acid.

The most commonly used effective means are:

• Maalox – a medicine based on magnesium hydroxide and algeldrate, which has a pronounced gastroprotective and antacid effect. The drug is prescribed for nausea, vomiting and heartburn against the background of gastritis, peptic ulcers and some other stomach pathologies. It is highly effective and helps cope with acute symptoms, prevents complications against the backdrop of rapid progression of manifestations. Take 15 ml 3-4 times a day for 5-10 days. Usually long courses are not required.

• Almagel has an effect due to algeldrate and magnesium hydroxide, has gastroprotective and antacid properties, helps prevent the progression of pathologies, protects the walls of the stomach from the aggressive effects of food and other drugs. The drug is available in the form of a suspension for oral administration and is prescribed for gastritis, gastroduodenitis, peptic ulcers, and stomach pain of various origins. A single dosage is 5-7 ml, take the product 3-5 times a day for 2 weeks.
• Phosphalugel also has gastroprotective properties and creates a kind of protective film on the walls of the stomach that prevents the progression of pathologies. Most often, the medicine is used for acute and chronic peptic ulcers, gastritis and dyspepsia of various origins. The medication contains aluminum phosphate as the main active ingredient. The gel is taken 16 g 3-5 times a day for 10 days. The medicine is highly effective and can be used not only in courses, but also in case of a one-time occurrence of heartburn and other manifestations.

Such drugs are usually used in combination with other medications, as this increases their effectiveness.

Solutions and lyophilisates for parenteral administration

Gastroprotectors (the list of drugs with proven effectiveness may include medications that are available not only in oral dosage form) in the form of solutions and lyophilisates for obtaining solutions are considered quite effective. They are used when, for one reason or another, patients cannot use capsules, gels or tablets.

The most effective and relatively safe medications are:

• Pantoprazole – a product in the form of a lyophilisate to obtain a solution that is administered intravenously by drop or stream. The drug helps reduce the acidity of gastric juice and improves the condition of the mucous membranes due to the content of omeprazole as the main active substance. The drug is prescribed for peptic ulcers and gastritis, as well as when complications arise from this condition in the form of pancreatitis, cholecystitis. The drug is used for 10 days. For intravenous jet administration, you need to take 1 bottle of medicine and 20 ml of sodium chloride; for drip infusion, you need to take 200 ml of sodium chloride per 1 bottle of medicine. The procedure is repeated once a day.

• Dalargin is a drug in the form of a lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution that is administered intravenously. The medicine contains tyrosyl-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine diacetate as the main active ingredient. It has antiulcer and gastroprotective properties. It is prescribed for gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastroduodenitis. The powder is dissolved in 200 ml of sodium chloride and administered intravenously. Repeat the procedure for 10 days in a row. If necessary, a repeat course is prescribed.
• Gastrocepin is also available in the form of a parenteral solution. It contains pirenzepine and helps eliminate the symptoms of gastritis, gastroduodenitis, dyspeptic symptoms against the background of stomach pathologies. The drug is administered intramuscularly at a dose of 2 ml per day for 7-14 days, depending on the severity of symptoms. The drug not only reduces the acidity of gastric juice, but also has gastroprotective properties, therefore it helps restore the mucous membranes, which prevents the development of complications in the form of erosions and ulcers.

Any of the medications is prescribed to patients after a preliminary examination and identification of the cause of the disorder.

Gastroprotectors are considered the most popular and effective in the treatment of stomach pathologies.

The list of drugs includes drugs with proven effectiveness that help improve the condition and prevent the progression of diseases and the development of complications. The use of drugs is allowed only after examination and identification of the disease and its degree of neglect.

Maalox

"Maalox" for gastritis is presented in the form of chewable tablets and suspensions. This drug neutralizes hydrochloric acid and increases the pH level in the stomach. The active ingredients of Maalox are magnesium hydroxide and hydrated aluminum oxide. Also, this medicine for gastritis envelops the stomach, works as an adsorbent, and protects the mucous membrane from acid. "Maalox" is prescribed for gastritis, reflux esophagitis and ulcers. Before taking these tablets for gastritis, we recommend that you carefully read the contraindications.

Maalox

Chinoin (Sanofi-Sintelabo), Hungary

- peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase;
- acute gastroduodenitis; — chronic gastroduodenitis with normal or increased secretory function in the acute phase; - hiatal hernia; - reflux esophagitis; - dyspeptic phenomena, such as discomfort or pain in the epigastrium, heartburn, sour belching after errors in the diet, excessive consumption of ethanol, coffee, nicotine, etc.; - dyspeptic phenomena, such as discomfort or pain in the epigastrium, heartburn, sour belching (and their prevention), resulting from the use of certain medications (including NSAIDs, corticosteroids). from 20

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The last group is bismuth preparations, which are prescribed for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori.