Coronavirus symptoms by day: how Covid develops and progresses in adults

The powerful lymph nodes located around the pharynx cannot cope with the attack of the pathogen, so the body begins to produce antibodies that can find pathogenic bacteria, paralyzing their activity.

As a result, streptococci are defeated, but the child’s body produces so many antibodies that, in addition to foreign cells, the body’s own tissues, primarily the heart and joints, begin to suffer. Therefore, it is always better to entrust the treatment of sore throat in a child to a qualified doctor.

In 10% of cases, sore throat in children can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus, rarely pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, chlamydia and fungal flora. Viral pathogens (adenoviruses, herpes virus) more often attack the body of children under 3 years of age.

Symptoms of Omicron in children

In most cases, Omicron's clinical manifestations in children are very similar to standard ARVI: body temperature rises, runny nose, headache and muscle pain appear. Most often, children complain about:

• cough;
• loose stools;
• sore throat accompanied by redness of the throat and palate);
• muscle and head pain;
• chills.

Quite rarely they complain about:

• changes in taste and smell;
• high temperature (more than 38 degrees).

Young children may develop bronchial obstruction, bronchiolitis and croup in the form of a sharp barking cough. Very rarely, the course of the disease is complicated by a multisystem inflammatory syndrome, which manifests itself as:

• signs similar to Kawasaki disease: conjunctivitis, red eyes; red or swollen hands and feet; rash; red chapped lips, swollen glands.
• enlarged coronary arteries and/or aneurysms.
• neurological (headaches/meningitis) manifestations.
• gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting (colitis, hepatitis and doubtful appendicitis).
• a toxic shock-like syndrome with hemodynamic instability and poor cardiac function.
• hyperintense inflammation.
• thrombosis or acute kidney injury.
• Shortness of breath indicating congestive heart failure or pulmonary embolism.
• respiratory symptoms typically seen in adults with COVID-19 may or may not be present in pediatric patients with MWS.

Sore throat in children: forms and clinical manifestations

Depending on the nature of the change and the degree of damage to the tonsils, several forms of angina are distinguished.

Catarrhal sore throat

A mild form, characterized by enlargement and redness of the tonsils, as well as the absence of purulent lesions. The child feels dry mouth, a whitish coating appears on the tongue, and the cervical lymph nodes are slightly enlarged. In addition to a sore throat that gets worse when swallowing, the child feels a sore and burning sensation. The temperature rises to 38 degrees, children complain of weakness and headache.

Follicular tonsillitis

A serious disease in which the tonsils become covered with purulent pinpoint follicles. On days 2-3, the ulcers open, leaving wounds that heal quickly. There is severe pain in the throat, radiating to the ear, making it difficult to swallow, children refuse to eat and drink. The lymph nodes are enlarged and painful when pressed lightly. Fever and chills are accompanied by a temperature of up to 40 degrees, vomiting, convulsions and fainting are possible.

Lacunar tonsillitis

In the lacunae, between the lobes of the tonsils, islands of yellow purulent plaque appear, which tend to unite into wide purulent foci. The symptoms are similar to those of purulent follicular tonsillitis, but are more pronounced and are accompanied by severe intoxication of the body. It hurts the child to turn his head, his mouth opens with difficulty, which makes speech slurred.

Viral (herpetic) sore throat

Most often, the development of the disease is facilitated by vitamin deficiency and weakened immunity. The tonsils become covered with red blisters, which burst, leaving small ulcers in their place. In addition to a sore throat, symptoms are acute respiratory in nature: cough, runny nose, abdominal pain, indigestion, as well as stomatitis and conjunctivitis. Lack of timely treatment of herpetic sore throat in children can lead to serous meningitis.

Fungal tonsillitis

A relatively mild form of sore throat that occurs in children under 3 years of age. It is distinguished by a coating of white, curdled flakes on the tonsils and, with proper treatment, goes away within a week.

When should you call a doctor if your child has symptoms of omicron?

If your baby has at least one of these symptoms:

• age UP TO 3 months, temperature 38*C or higher;
• age FROM 3 to 6 months, temperature 39*C or higher;
• Along with fever, regardless of age, there is a rash;
• High fever lasts for 5 days or more;
• doesn't want to eat or acts differently than usual and you're worried;
• high temperature, which is not reduced by paracetamol in doses as in the instructions (take into account weight);
• dehydrated - for example, diapers are not very wet, sunken eyes, lack of tears when crying.

Coronavirus symptoms by day: how Covid develops and progresses in adults

Personal data processing policy

1. General Provisions

1.1. This Policy defines the procedure for processing personal data and measures to ensure the security of personal data at Grand Clinic on Chistykh LLC in order to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals and citizens when processing their personal data, including the protection of rights to privacy, personal and family secrecy guaranteed by the Constitution.

1.2. The personal data processing policy was developed in accordance with Federal Laws No. 152-FZ dated July 27, 2006 “On Personal Data” and No. 323-FZ dated November 21, 2011 “On the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation”; Government resolutions No. 1119 dated 01.11.2012 “On approval of requirements for the protection of personal data during their processing in personal data information systems”, dated 09.15.2008 No. 687 “On approval of regulations on the specifics of personal data processing carried out without the use of automation tools”; by FSTEC order No. 21 dated February 18, 2013 “On approval of the composition and content of organizational and technical measures to ensure the security of personal data during their processing in personal data information systems.”

1.3. This Policy discloses the principles, procedure and conditions for processing personal data of individuals when seeking medical help from a medical organization.

1.4. The principles, procedure and conditions for processing personal data of the clinic’s personnel, as well as personal data processed in the process of fulfilling contractual obligations in the course of daily activities, are not considered in this Policy and are regulated by the internal regulatory documents of the medical organization.

2. Categories of personal data processed

2.1. Personal data of patients (persons who are a party to the contract for the provision of medical services) that are subject to processing: – passport data; – telephone numbers for contacting the patient (contact information); – information about the state of health, the presence or absence of diseases listed in the patient’s health questionnaire, completed during the process of collecting anamnesis; - any data from laboratory and diagnostic tests obtained by patients as a result of the examination.

2.2. The list of documents generated when a patient applies to a medical organization is provided for by the Civil Code, Federal Law dated November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation”, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 4, 2012 N 1006 “On approval of the Rules for the provision of paid medical services" - Federal Law "On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation" dated November 21, 2011 N 323-FZ (as amended by the Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated January 13, 2020 N 1-P), order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development dated May 2, 2012 No. 441n “On approval of the procedure for issuing certificates and medical reports by medical organizations.”

3. Purposes and terms of processing of personal data

3.1. The purposes of processing personal data of patients who contact a medical organization: – execution of an agreement for the provision of medical services, to which the patient is a party; – medical and preventive purposes (establishing a medical diagnosis, providing medical services, monitoring the quality of medical care, etc.).

3.2. The terms for processing personal data directly depend on the storage periods of civil contracts and medical documentation and are: – for personal data received in connection with the conclusion of an agreement for the provision of medical services – 5 years; – for personal data of special categories (health data) – 25 years in a medical organization, 75 years – in the archive.

4. Principles and conditions for processing personal data

4.1. The processing of personal data at Grand Clinic on Chistykh LLC is carried out on the basis of the following principles: – legality and fairness of the purposes and methods of processing; – limiting the processing of personal data to the achievement of specific, predetermined and legitimate purposes; – preventing the processing of personal data incompatible with the purposes of collecting personal data; – preventing the merging of databases containing personal data, the processing of which is carried out for purposes that are incompatible with each other; – processing only those personal data that meet the purposes of their processing; – compliance of the content and volume of processed personal data with the stated purposes of processing; – preventing the processing of excessive personal data in relation to the stated purposes of their processing; – destruction or depersonalization of personal data upon achievement of the purposes of their processing or in the event of the loss of the need to achieve these purposes.

4.2. A medical organization processes personal data only if at least one of the following conditions is present: – processing of personal data is carried out with the consent of the subject of personal data to the processing of his personal data; – processing of personal data is necessary to achieve the goals provided for by law (subparagraph 4, paragraph 2, article 10 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ); – processing of personal data is necessary for the execution of a contract to which the subject of personal data is a party; – processing of personal data is carried out, access to an unlimited number of persons is provided by the subject of personal data or at his request (public data); – personal data subject to publication or mandatory disclosure in accordance with federal law is processed; – personal data is processed in accordance with the legislation on compulsory types of insurance and insurance legislation.

4.3. A medical organization and other persons who have access to personal data due to work duties are obliged not to disclose to third parties or distribute personal data without the consent of the subject of personal data, unless otherwise provided by federal law.

5. Rights of the subject of personal data

5.1. The subject of personal data decides to provide his personal data and consents to their processing freely, of his own free will and in his own interest, without coercion or misleading on anyone’s part.

5.2. The subject of personal data has the right to receive information regarding the processing of his personal data, unless such right is limited in accordance with federal laws.

5.3. The subject of personal data has the right to demand clarification of his personal data, their blocking or destruction if the personal data is incomplete, outdated, inaccurate, illegally obtained or is not necessary for the stated purpose of processing, as well as take measures provided by law to protect his rights.

5.4. It is prohibited to make decisions based solely on automated processing of personal data that give rise to legal consequences in relation to the subject of personal data or otherwise affect his rights and legitimate interests, except in cases provided for by federal laws, or with written consent of the subject of personal data.

6. Ensuring the security of personal data

6.1. The security of personal data processed by a medical organization is ensured by the implementation of legal, organizational, technical and program measures necessary and sufficient to meet the requirements of federal legislation in the field of personal data protection.

6.2. Measures to ensure the security of personal data include, in particular: – appointment of a person responsible for organizing the processing of personal data; – publication of local legal acts regulating the rights and obligations of the personal data operator, describing a system of measures to protect personal data, defining access to personal data information systems; – identification of threats to the security of personal data during their processing in personal data information systems; – application of methods (methods) of information protection; – assessment of the effectiveness of measures taken to ensure the security of personal data before the commissioning of the personal data information system; – accounting of computer storage media of personal data; – detection of facts of unauthorized access to personal data and taking measures; – restoration of personal data modified or destroyed due to unauthorized access to it; – establishing rules for access to personal data processed in the personal data information system, as well as ensuring registration and accounting of all actions performed with personal data in the personal data information system; – control of measures taken to ensure the security of personal data and the level of security of personal data information systems.

7. Final provisions

7.1. This Policy is a local legal act, is publicly available and must be posted on the official website of the medical organization.

7.2. Control of compliance with the requirements of this Policy is carried out by the person responsible for organizing the processing of personal data.

When should you call an ambulance for symptoms of Omicron in a child?

• neck stiffness;
• there is a rash that does not disappear when a glass is pressed against it;
• worries about light, photophobia;
• the child has a seizure or convulsions for the first time (cannot stop shaking) unusually cold hands and feet;
• pale, mottled, blue or gray skin;
• weak, high-pitched crying that doesn't sound like normal crying;
• drowsy and difficult to wake up;
• it is difficult to breathe and the stomach pulls under the ribs;
• The fontanelle bulges;
• does not react as usual, is inhibited.

In what cases can you require urgent hospitalization of a child in a hospital?

1. Severe or moderate respiratory disease or community-acquired pneumonia.
2. Fever is above 38.5*C, including according to medical history, or below 36.0*C or with a fever duration above 38.0*C for more than 5 days.
3. Shortness of breath at rest or with anxiety.
4. Tachypnea not associated with fever, more than 20% of the age norm: up to 1 year - more than 50, from 1 to 5 years - more than 40, over 5 years - more than 30 per minute.
5. Tachycardia not associated with fever, more than 20% of the age norm: up to 1 year - more than 140, from 1 to 5 years - more than 130, over 5 years - more than 120 per minute.
6. Saturation ≤ 95%.
7. Depression of consciousness (drowsiness) or increased arousal, sleep inversion, refusal to eat and drink.
8. Cramps.
9. Lack of positive dynamics or increase in clinical symptoms during therapy 5 days after the onset of the disease.
10. Presence of severe underlying diseases:

— Congenital and acquired heart diseases, including a history (heart defects, rhythm disturbances, myocardiopathy or myocarditis); — Chronic lung diseases (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, congenital lung defects, etc.); — Primary or secondary immunodeficiency, including HIV infection, autoimmune diseases, immunosuppressive therapy; — Oncohematological diseases, chemotherapy; — Metabolic diseases (diabetes mellitus, obesity, etc.); — Diseases of the liver and kidneys.

DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM IN CHILDREN: RECOGNIZE AND CURE

Diseases of the urinary system (US) in children are not only common (on average 29:1000), but also tend to increase, often at an early age. The kidneys are an eliminating organ - they remove metabolic products from the body, including toxic ones. Therefore, the deterioration of the environmental background and the toxic-allergic effects of medications lead to damage, first of all, to the kidneys. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that the incidence of compulsory medical conditions among the child population ranges from 5.4 to 34.2%, and it varies significantly among different groups of children and is maximum - up to 74% - in children born in families with nephropathies.

The consequences of kidney damage in early childhood are so significant that their timely detection is a problem not only of a medical, but also of a social nature.

Most often, kidney diseases and disturbances in the normal functioning of the urinary system occur at critical moments in the child’s development. These periods include:

• The period from the birth of a child to the age of three. It is during this period that the child’s body finally adapts to life outside the mother’s body, and during this time all existing congenital disorders of the structure and functioning of the urinary system appear.
• The period is from five to seven years. At this moment, a number of certain age-related changes occur in the child’s body, so the urinary system, like a number of others, is the most vulnerable.
• Adolescence (from 14 to 18 years). In adolescence, the increased risk of disruption of the normal functioning of the urinary system is explained by two factors: rapid growth and changes in the hormonal background of the child.

The highest risk of developing urinary tract diseases is in those children whose parents suffer from either pyelonephritis or diseases of the endocrine system. Parents should be very attentive to the health of such children so as not to miss the first warning signs. After all, the earlier treatment is started, the more successful it will be.

These warning signs include the following symptoms:

• Painful sensations in the lumbar region. Moreover, the pain can be both acute and nagging.
• Change in urine color, cloudiness and appearance of blood.
• Increased body temperature for no apparent reason.
• The appearance of facial swelling, especially in the morning, after the child wakes up.
• The appearance of so-called “bags” under the eyes.
• Feeling of weakness, rapid fatigue of the child.
• Feeling of dry mouth, constant feeling of thirst.

However, sometimes some kidney diseases occur in a latent form, without obvious symptoms. That is why parents should pay attention to absolutely any changes in the child’s well-being.

A small child cannot complain to his parents about unpleasant and painful sensations in the lumbar region and discomfort when urinating. Therefore, parents of children should be especially attentive.

Signs of kidney disease in children under one year of age:

• Change in the color and odor of urine.
• Increasing the size of the baby's belly.
• For a boy, a cause for concern should be a weakening of the pressure of the urine stream when urinating. By the way, this can happen if the child has phimosis.

Symptoms of kidney disease in children over one year of age:

• Parents of older children should be concerned if their child exhibits the following symptoms:
• The child complains of pain in the lower abdomen or lumbar region.
• Sharp pain when urinating - the child may be afraid to go to the potty and cry.
• Significant increase in frequency or, on the contrary, very infrequent urination.
• The child urinates in small portions, which has never been noticed before.
• Incontinence or incontinence of urine.
• Increased body temperature for no apparent reason.

Under no circumstances should any kidney disease in children be ignored, since the consequences for the child’s health can be very unpredictable.

For example, chronic urinary tract diseases can lead to significant delays in the physical development of a child.

In addition, they can lead to such a terrible phenomenon as acute renal failure. This disease can threaten not only the health, but also the life of the baby.

Having discovered any of the above symptoms in their child, parents should seek help from a pediatrician or nephrologist as soon as possible. Self-medication is under no circumstances acceptable: sometimes it brings relief, but later it turns out that the disease was “driven inside” and irreversible changes have occurred in the kidneys.

Before starting any treatment, the doctor will prescribe a series of studies that are necessary to draw up a complete picture of the disease and make the correct diagnosis. As a rule, the child undergoes the following studies:

• General urine analysis

It allows you to detect the presence of inflammatory elements in the urine - leukocytes, as well as protein, red blood cells, and salt deposits.

In order for the results of a urine test to be correct and not distorted, urine must be collected correctly. Wash your child thoroughly and collect the urine in a perfectly clean container. If we are talking about a teenage girl, you should not take a urine test during menstruation.

• General blood analysis

A general blood test will determine whether there are any inflammatory processes and signs of general intoxication in the child’s body.

• Kidney ultrasound

Ultrasound examination allows us to identify congenital anomalies in the structure of the organs of the urinary system, their pathological changes, as well as the presence of sand and stones.

Based on complaints, examination data and research results, the doctor will make a diagnosis and prescribe a treatment regimen that is suitable for your child.

To diagnose kidney and urinary tract diseases in children, a complex of radiation methods is used, but the leading method, the most widely used today, is ultrasound. Due to its high information content, non-invasiveness and relative cheapness, the method has found wide application not only in the presence of clinical manifestations of renal pathology, but also as a screening technique (screening is a mass examination of healthy children in order to identify risk groups for certain diseases).

Indications for ultrasound:

1. Screening at the age of about 1-2 months of life.

2. If kidney pathology in the fetus was detected during pregnancy.

3. Screening every 2 years, including mandatory examination before entering a child care institution, sports section, etc.

4. Periodic increase in temperature without obvious reasons (not against the background of acute respiratory viral infections and other infectious diseases).

5. Discomfort when urinating.

6. Changes in urine tests.

7. Pain in the lower back and/or stomach.

8. Injury to the abdomen and/or lumbar region.

There are no contraindications to ultrasound of the kidneys.

Recent studies have revealed that diseases of the urinary system occur in 17 out of 1000 children who complained of various types. The most common infections are the urinary tract. According to doctors' observations, these diseases account for 54-59%. In the early stages of development, their signs are sometimes not noticeable, which is the insidiousness of this pathology. It is also well known that diseases of the urinary system that are not cured in a timely manner tend to take a chronic course. Advanced diseases of the urinary system can lead to a gradual or rapid decline in renal function, and sometimes to disability.

Risk factors for developing urinary tract infections in children are:

- inflammatory diseases of the genital area in the mother;

- pathological course of pregnancy. Threat of interruption, toxicosis, anemia, hypertension, exacerbation of pyelonephritis, cystitis;

- bad habits of father and mother;

- unfavorable environment;

- cases of kidney and urinary tract diseases in the family;

- early artificial feeding, short period of breastfeeding;

- inflammatory diseases of the genital tract in a child;

- frequent respiratory diseases;

- chronic foci of infection: caries, chronic tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis.

Prevention and treatment of diseases of the urinary system

To prevent urinary tract infections and prevent their reoccurrence in a child, the following is necessary:

— compliance with the urination regime (during the day, always before and after sleep);

- daily routine with sufficient sleep;

— adherence to diet (spicy, smoked foods are excluded) and diet;

- drinking enough;

— physical therapy classes, ensuring physical activity, combating physical inactivity;

— hygiene of the external genitalia;

- regular bowel movements;

— rehabilitation of chronic lesions, infections (tonsillitis, sinusitis, adenoiditis, caries);

- sufficient exposure to fresh air.

To completely sanitize the urinary system from infection, strict adherence to all medical prescriptions is necessary.

Children who are registered at the dispensary need to regularly repeat urine tests according to the recommendations of the pediatrician.

Interview with

You can make an appointment or call a pediatrician at home by calling the Center in Moscow:

+7(495) 229-44-10, +7(495) 954-00-46

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How to treat a child with the Omicron strain of COVID-19?

Treatment of coronavirus infection in children is symptomatic: at a temperature above 38 degrees, an antipyretic is prescribed, it is necessary to follow the drinking regime and the doctor’s recommendations for relieving symptomatic manifestations.
It is not recommended to take immunomodulators and interferon inducers if you suspect a coronavirus infection - there is no valid evidence base for such prescriptions.

It is strictly forbidden to start taking antibiotics on your own without a doctor’s prescription. Uncontrolled use of antibiotics inevitably leads to antibiotic resistance. On January 20, the Lancet named antibiotic resistance as the leading cause of death in the world.

Why is a sore throat dangerous?

As practice shows, only in half of the cases are enlarged tonsils and sore throat caused by purulent sore throat. Many diseases, such as diphtheria or Epstein-Barr virus, have symptoms similar to sore throat. Therefore, only a qualified doctor with modern diagnostic equipment and a well-equipped laboratory can accurately determine the disease and prescribe the necessary treatment.

Each causative agent of sore throat is sensitive to a certain type of antibiotics prescribed by a doctor depending on the diagnosis.

Remember!

Incorrect or untimely treatment of sore throat in children, as well as relying on folk remedies for “red throat” can lead to serious complications and irreversible consequences.

Delay in diagnosis and prolonged treatment provoke the development of rheumatoid arthritis, vascular diseases, heart diseases (including rheumatic endocarditis), renal failure and many chronic diseases leading to disability.

Vaccination of children against the Omicron strain of COVID-19

Vaccinating children against COVID-19 protects against hospitalization and multisystem inflammatory syndrome.
To date, one vaccine has been registered in Russia for persons under 18 years of age: Sputnik M, which is intended for vaccination of adolescents from 12 to 17 years of age.

The question of the need to vaccinate children and adolescents still remains open; only you can make a decision. We have collected the arguments “for” and “against” in the table:

PIMS-TS is a systemic multiinflammatory syndrome.

List of sources:

1. Coronavirus (COVID-19) symptoms in children, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/symptoms/coronavirus-in-children/
2. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS), https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#mis-national-surveillance
3. Providing Acute Care in the Ambulatory Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic,
4. https://www.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/clinical-guidance/caring-for…
5. METHODOLOGICAL. RECOMMENDATIONS. PREVENTION, DIAGNOSTICS. AND TREATMENT OF NEW. CORONAVIRUS. INFECTIONS (COVID-19). Version 14
6. Should children be vaccinated against COVID-19? https://medach.pro/post/2777
7. Blog @immunobee Daria Kartasheva-Eberts - immunologist at the Pasteur Institute (Paris), PhD student on telegram, on telegram.