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Rotavirus gastroenteritis is an acute intestinal infection caused by a virus. The disease affects the mucous membranes of the oropharynx and small intestine. Rotavirus is one of the most common diseases. It ranks second after ARVI. Rotavirus infection most often affects children, although the infection easily spreads among adults. There are typical and atypical forms of rotavirus disease. The course of the disease can be mild, moderate or severe. Rotavirus is especially dangerous for children under 5 years of age, as it can be fatal. According to WHO, rotavirus infection is responsible for 3.4% of child deaths in the world.
What is quarantine for rotavirus?
Quarantine for rotavirus infection is a set of anti-epidemiological measures aimed at localizing the outbreak and preventing further spread of the disease . These measures include:
- immediate isolation of sick people;
- surveillance of contact persons;
- conducting an epidemiological investigation to identify ways the pathogen enters the organization in order to develop measures to eliminate them;
- thorough disinfection of the premises;
- outreach work with employees, students and parents.
The measures applied in this case are regulated by Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 4.
Why and when is quarantine declared?
Quarantine measures are applied in epidemiological outbreaks when the incidence rate rises. Such outbreaks can be medical organizations, kindergartens, schools, universities, private and public companies, or certain areas where a large number of patients have been identified.
For your information
Quarantine due to rotavirus can be caused by using low-quality water for drinking or household needs, failure to comply with hygiene rules (in particular, washing hands after visiting the toilet, coming from outside and before eating), swimming in contaminated water bodies, consuming contaminated products (for example, milk or dairy products). products), contact with a sick person. The virus can penetrate city water supplies.
According to paragraph 1862 of the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 4, when a patient is identified, the medical organization is obliged to send a notification about this to the territorial body involved in sanitary and epidemiological supervision as soon as possible.
If people infected with rotavirus are identified in educational institutions, kindergartens, organizations providing recreation for children and adults, or social institutions, responsibility for urgently informing sanitary and epidemiological authorities rests with the director of the organization. At the same time, medical personnel working in the institution are obliged to isolate the infected person and organize disinfection of the premises.
Preventive measures
The disease is contagious and there is a possibility of contracting it. An adult becomes infected from a child, and someone who has been ill runs the risk of getting sick again.
Rules of protection and prevention:
- Wash your hands with soap often after meeting a sick person, touching their things or touching the patient. If a sick person washes their hands more often, this will be beneficial and reduce infection.
- Dishes are provided for the patient. Mugs, plates, and cutlery used by the infected person are treated with detergent under warm water.
- Organization of quarantine. The sick person is left alone so as not to infect others.
- Things are washed in a machine with powder, manually.
- To prevent a small child from catching an infection on the street or in a kindergarten (the epidemic rages in winter and spring), he is vaccinated.
How many days does quarantine last for rotavirus?
A person infected with rotavirus infection becomes contagious when the first signs of the disease appear. His body releases the virus within 5-7 days. In some cases, this period lasts up to 1 month. Sometimes the disease is asymptomatic, but the person is able to infect others.
IMPORTANT
According to paragraph 1873 of Art. XXIV Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 4, observation of contact people and quarantine for rotavirus in a team is carried out within 7 days from the moment the last infected person is detected. Persons who have been in contact with the sick person are observed by a doctor both at their home address and at their place of study (work).
Recovery Features
A person is considered recovered if laboratory parameters are stable , health is normal, and diarrhea, vomiting and dyspepsia have stopped. However, even after recovery, it is still considered a passive virus carrier for some time.
For the person himself, rotavirus no longer poses a danger , since the immune system has coped with the pathogenic activity and has developed antibodies to fight the infection. For healthy people, virus carriage poses a threat.
, drinking regimen, and a healthy lifestyle play an important role for a quick recovery from illness
The diet of a rotavirus survivor should include:
- protein foods and foods containing calcium (poultry, milk, kefir, cottage cheese);
- fiber (fresh or boiled vegetables, fruits to speed up the evacuation of feces);
- vitamins (freshly squeezed juices, synthetic vitamin analogues);
- absorbents (short-term courses several times a week).
To prevent dysbiosis after acute diarrhea and water-electrolyte imbalance, taking probiotics is indicated. They will gently restore the intestinal microflora and improve digestive processes.
Gradually return to physical activity. Sports and physical exercise strengthen the intestinal muscles and promote normal daily bowel movements.
During the recovery period, you can give honey, drink steep decoctions of chamomile, calendula, lemon balm, thyme - all this has a beneficial effect on digestion, tones the body, increases resistance to pathogens and viral serotypes, and prevents the occurrence of secondary bacterial complications.
Quarantine measures for rotavirus infection
According to paragraph 1862 of Art. XXIV Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 4, when identifying sick people in schools, kindergartens, social institutions or organizations involved in coordinating the recreation of children and adults, the medical worker is obliged to ensure isolation of the infected person and carry out disinfection.
The set of quarantine measures for rotavirus is aimed at:
- source of infection;
- blocking the transmission routes of the virus;
- increasing the body's defenses for people at risk of infection.
An examination is carried out of patients with the same symptoms who became infected during the same incubation period, their contact persons, as well as people working in the organization in the areas of production, storage, transportation, sale of food and drinking water. The identification of sick people is carried out by relevant medical specialists (infectious disease specialists, pediatricians, therapists, etc.).
Sanitary and epidemiological surveillance authorities examine environmental samples (residues of food, raw materials, kitchen equipment, dishes, etc.).
Attention
In accordance with paragraph 1886 of Art. XXIV Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 4, focal disinfection in educational institutions is carried out by personnel of the organization who have undergone special instructions. According to clauses 83-84 of the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 4, for this purpose, products are used that are approved for use in intestinal viral infections, having a certificate of conformity and instructions for use. The use of such products should not pose a threat to the respiratory system or require additional protective equipment. The use of this substance in the presence of a sick person in quarantine should also be permitted. If disinsection and deratization are necessary, these procedures are carried out in the absence of children and employees of the organization (clause 126 of the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 4).
Quarantine measures for rotavirus include the treatment of all objects and surfaces touched by the infected person (dishes, personal items, hygiene items, stair railings, furniture, linen, etc.). To protect yourself, you need to use skin antiseptics that are effective against viruses.
According to paragraph 125 of the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 4, the final part of disinfection is carried out after removing the infected person from the premises.
To prevent outbreaks of the disease, employees of children's and medical institutions, as well as persons involved in the preparation, transportation, storage of food and drinking water, are subject to laboratory examination upon hiring (Clause 1900, Article XXIV of the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28 .2021 No. 4).
In addition, sanitary and epidemiological surveillance authorities are taking measures to educate society about hygiene. These include education about the main symptoms and preventive measures. An effective way to prevent quarantine is vaccination.
How long a person is contagious
How many days is rotavirus contagious? It depends on the age and severity of the infection . As a rule, a person is contagious for 10-14 days after the symptoms of a viral infection disappear. The same applies to many viral serotypes. If the disease is complicated by a secondary bacterial infection, the duration of the disease increases.
Virus carriage, even when asymptomatic (occurs in adults and vaccinated children), poses a serious threat to society. In such cases, the contact and household route of transmission of infection quickly occurs, and the first symptoms appear in a healthy person.
How long does rotavirus live in the body?
Rotaviruses are quite resistant to irritating factors. Their presence in the body in asymptomatic cases in adults reaches 1-10 days , after which healthy immunity completely defeats pathogenic activity and ensures complete recovery.
We recommend: Treatment of intestinal dysbiosis with constipation in adults and children
In a child, rotavirus remains a little longer , which is due to the prolonged active phase of the disease and the imperfection of the immune system. Reproduction of the virus stops after adequate nootropic therapy, and residual effects persist for up to 10-14 days.
Quarantine for rotavirus in adults
Compliance with the sanitary and epidemiological rules during quarantine for rotaviris, described above, is mandatory for all public and private organizations, individual entrepreneurs and citizens of Russia (clause 52 of the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor dated January 28, 2021 No. 4).
IMPORTANT
Quarantine for rotavirus infection can be introduced not only in a separate company, but also in any territory. The list of measures and restrictions that will be used in each case is determined based on the results of the epidemiological investigation. They are indicated in the relevant regulations when declaring quarantine.
Rotavirus quarantine at school
Rotavirus is transmitted by airborne droplets, and it can also be called the “disease of dirty hands.” Children often neglect the rules of hygiene if they are not taught this in the family. Therefore, explanatory and informational work with students and their parents is important when preventing rotavirus at school.
If an outbreak occurs, the school is subject to the same requirements as other institutions. During a rotavirus quarantine, the classroom system may be cancelled, the educational institution may be transferred to remote operation or temporarily closed. The set of measures used in each situation is determined individually.
Attention
According to paragraph 1884 of Art. XXIV Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 4, children who have had rotavirus infection are not allowed to be on duty in the catering unit for 2 months.
Is it possible to get sick again?
Is it possible to become infected again? It is almost immediately impossible to become infected with rotavirus after successful treatment , subject to quarantine and medical recommendations.
Relapses with an increase in the clinical picture and deterioration in health are often due to two main reasons :
- The treatment was incomplete, inadequate, the medication course was interrupted.
- Attachment of secondary bacterial complications.
In other cases, immunity against rotavirus lasts up to 3-4 months , and sometimes up to a year. Repeated cases of morbidity among children are registered 6-12 months after the first episode of the disease, in adults - years later.
Relapse in adults is much more difficult to determine due to the latent course of the infectious process. Repeated cases of infection in children are much easier.
Important! The risk group includes children with autoimmune conditions, severe diseases of internal organs and systems, adults after radiation or chemotherapy, with a complicated medical history, and concomitant gastrointestinal pathologies.
Quarantine for rotavirus in kindergarten
Young children are most susceptible to the disease, so preschool institutions pay great attention to the prevention of rotavirus infection. However, children often do not know how to observe hygiene rules (for example, they do not wash their hands after using the toilet, put all available objects in their mouths, etc.). Kindergartens conduct information work with parents, talk about the importance of vaccinations and contacting a doctor if a child gets sick.
The actions of institution personnel during rotavirus quarantine must comply with the rules established for organizations (they are determined by the conditions of a given case). When an infected child appears, complete disinfection, monitoring of other children, and information work with parents must be carried out. Groups are isolated from each other, public events are cancelled, and if there are a large number of infected people, the institution may be temporarily closed.
Attention
According to paragraph 1884 of Art. XXIV Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2021 No. 4, children are allowed into the team if they have a certificate indicating their recovery, issued by the attending physician.
What should parents know when quarantining for rotavirus infection in a preschool educational institution?
Rotavirus is a dangerous infection. If signs of illness appear (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, weakness, lack of appetite), you should not self-medicate. The sooner the child is under the supervision of a doctor, the better.
The head of the preschool educational institution is responsible for informing parents about the diagnosis confirmed in a pupil of the institution.
Children who have not been in contact with infected people may not be allowed into the group during rotavirus quarantine.
Those who have recovered from the disease are under observation for 1 month, as is the case with schoolchildren.
Clinical manifestations
The main symptoms in children are stool upset, profuse and uncontrollable vomiting, and increasing signs of intoxication and dehydration. The severity of the course is due to hyperthermia, a violation of water and electrolyte balance.
Clinical signs in adults are often limited to flatulence, bloating, and foul-smelling gas. This condition is usually associated with an intestinal disorder.
If vomiting and diarrhea occur in children with a pronounced increase in temperature, you should consult a doctor. The younger the child, the higher the risk of developing irreversible complications, multiple organ failure and even death.
How contagious a person is after rotavirus also depends on the adequacy of therapy . If treatment is carried out with an interruption in the course or is stopped immediately after the condition improves, the period of viral carriage may increase.
Sick leave during rotavirus quarantine
If quarantine is declared, but the child does not have symptoms of the disease, parents may temporarily not take him to kindergarten. According to clause 3, part 1, article 5 of Federal Law No. 255-FZ of December 29, 2006, for the period of quarantine in a kindergarten for rotavirus infection, parents have the right to issue a certificate of temporary disability if the child has not reached 7 years of age.
If the clinic refuses to issue a document, parents can contact the health department to which this medical organization belongs, or the local authorities of Roszdravnadzor.
