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Hypertensive enema
In the modern world, it is difficult to find a person who has not heard about enemas and their effect on the body, but not everyone knows that there are several varieties of this widespread procedure. Hypertensive enema is one of the most effective in terms of its effectiveness on the intestines. Its main features will be discussed in this article.
A hypertensive enema is an analogue of the classical procedure, the only difference from the original method is the nature of the injected liquid. To perform it, salt water is used, due to which an osmotic effect is added to the mechanical washing, which significantly increases the effectiveness of the event. To prepare the solution, magnesium sulfate or ordinary salt is used, which attracts free fluid into the intestines, from where it is eliminated naturally, which entails a decrease in blood pressure.
Composition of a hypertonic enema
This procedure can have varying degrees of impact on the patient. Therapeutic enemas, hypertonic or siphon, can be used. They have some differences in liquid volume, concentration and temperature. A hypertensive enema can be done with different types of solution, but saline is most often used. Below is a recipe for creating the correct proportions for a salt enema. Other components can be used in the composition, for example:
- magnesium sulfate solution;
- magnesium sulfate.
Types of liquid
Composition of the solution used for this type of enema:
- Dissolved magnesia. The main ingredient is freely sold in pharmacies. Issued without a doctor's prescription. The procedure increases osmotic pressure and removes fluid from nearby tissues, reducing swelling. The action begins in a quarter of an hour.
- Oil-hypertensive enema. Vegetable oils are used as ingredients: lean, vaseline, olive. Once inside, it envelops the intestinal walls, helping feces move easily and freely to the exit, sliding along the channels. The effect of the enema is extended over time. The result will be visible after 20 hours.
Indications for hypertensive enema
Before starting such activities, you need to decide on the goal. Hypertensive enema has certain properties that will have a positive effect in specific cases. In addition to this type, there is also a healing, cleansing or siphon type. Do not forget about the contraindications, which will be discussed below. There are the following indications for performing a hypertensive enema:
- first aid for intoxication, poisoning;
- to cleanse the intestinal tract;
- in case of contraindications, ineffectiveness of drug therapy for constipation;
- has a laxative effect when defecation is delayed for more than 3 days;
- therapy of dysbacteriosis, sigmoiditis, proctitis through the administration of medicinal herbal decoctions, solutions, suspensions;
- preparing the patient before surgery and testing.
Salt enema for constipation
The introduction of a strong saline solution helps to activate receptors that will provoke spontaneous emptying. A salt enema for constipation (hypertensive microenema) improves peristalsis and promotes the release of fecal matter by increasing osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen. The solution will help to painlessly soften them and remove them. This effect occurs 15-20 minutes after the procedure. The solution is prepared from ordinary table salt or Epsom salt (magnesia powder).
Enema for edema
When excess fluid accumulates, edematous processes occur in nearby tissues and organs. In this case, a hypertensive enema for edema will help, which will help get rid of this problem. A hypertensive enema for edema can be performed only once with sterile objects. For installation you will need:
- Janet syringe or pear-shaped rubber syringe;
- no more than 150 ml of sodium chloride (10%) or magnesium sulfate (25%);
- paper napkins, rubber gloves;
- special catheter;
- water thermometer;
- disinfectant;
- petroleum jelly or petroleum jelly;
- oilcloth, basin.
How to prepare a hypertonic enema solution
In most cases, a mixture of table salt or magnesium is prepared for the procedure. You can take a ready-made hypertonic enema solution - 5% sodium chloride; you can prepare it yourself at home. It must be taken into account that such methods of intestinal cleansing have an irritating effect on the intestinal walls, so an enema should be done only if absolutely necessary. To prepare the solution you need to do the following:
- heat the water;
- prepare a tablespoon of salt;
- dissolve it in 200 ml of liquid.
Temperature of hypertensive enema
This indicator directly affects the result that will be obtained after performing the procedure. The temperature of the solution when performing a hypertensive enema is divided according to the following parameters:
- Cool enema. It is at room temperature (about 22-24 degrees Celsius). It is felt subjectively by the intestines as cool, but not cold. Helps reduce body temperature, applicable for hyperthermia, atonic constipation. Recommended for use on a child if it is difficult to administer cold water. Suitable for adults with less severe hyperthermia and mild constipation. Do not use if you have intestinal spasms or spastic constipation.
- Warm enema (37-40 degrees, but no more). It is perceived subjectively by the intestines as warm. It relaxes the colon well, has an antispasmodic effect, and stimulates peristalsis not as much as cool and cold hypertensive enemas. Warm liquid is better absorbed, dissolves feces and does not affect body temperature. This temperature is used for spasms of the smooth muscles of the rectum and colon, spastic constipation, and for administration to children if it was not possible to apply a cold temperature due to resistance. Medicinal substances should also be administered only in the form of a warm solution.
Volume of hypertensive enema
The peculiarity of this type of procedure is the use of a medicinal or saline solution. The volume of a hypertensive enema may vary depending on your goals. The following options are distinguished according to the amount of water component used:
- Microclyster. The procedure for administering medications is carried out, the volume does not exceed 10-100 ml.
- Cleansing. The total volume is 1-2 liters, which are placed in several batches. A hypertensive enema is given if it is necessary to cleanse the colon before diagnostic procedures, or for constipation.
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What to cook
The chemical composition of a hypertonic solution for administration into the rectum may vary depending on the availability of special components, but ordinary table salt is available in every kitchen. It is used in a ratio of 1 to 10. The volume of a standard enema usually does not exceed 1 liter, in which case to prepare a ten percent solution you will need to take 100 grams. table salt, which must be dissolved in clean boiled water. Its temperature should not exceed 36-38 degrees Celsius, otherwise the effect may be the opposite - blood pressure will rise even more. In medical institutions, they often resort to the use of magnesia, which, in addition to a laxative, has a strong choleretic effect, forcing the entire gastrointestinal tract to be cleansed.
Mechanism of action of hypertensive enema
There is a certain algorithm for this procedure that starts the necessary processes. A hypertonic enema helps cause irritation in the intestinal mucosa, which leads to contraction of the walls and excretion of feces. Using a tube or enema, magnesium and 10% saline solution (both drugs are available at the pharmacy) are administered rectally (through the anus). The procedure has the following algorithm of influence:
- Liquid entering the intestine increases osmotic pressure, which provokes fluid effusion from the walls.
- Salt has an irritating effect on the walls of the rectum, increasing peristalsis.
- These factors provoke the movement of feces.
The process proceeds quickly, the effect occurs within 3 minutes after performing the setting. Table salt in liquid helps overcome constipation. It is easily prepared at home from 1 tbsp. l. salt, which is dissolved in a glass of water. For small volumes, a rubber bulb (syringe) can be used effectively. For large volumes, a container with a tube will be required.
Technique for performing a hypertensive enema
As a rule, such procedures are carried out by specialists in medical institutions, but if necessary, you can perform it yourself at home. Performing a hypertensive enema requires a certain set of instruments that should be purchased in advance; only sterile disposable components are suitable. After cleaning, you need to throw them away. The algorithm of actions is as follows:
- Heat the liquid for the procedure to 26 degrees, it should not be cold.
- Be sure to additionally sterilize all instruments used in the manipulation.
- Immediately put rubber gloves on your hands and draw the solution into a pear-shaped bottle through a rectal tube.
- The person should lie down on a flat surface on which an oilcloth has been previously laid. You should lie on your left side, pull your knees towards your stomach.
- Lubricate the tube with Vaseline and begin inserting it into the anus with smooth rotational movements. The penetration depth should be no more than 15 cm.
- In order for the effect of the medicinal solution to be painless and smooth, it must be administered in small portions.
- Wait about half an hour for the first urge to defecate to appear.
- If all the steps are performed correctly, the patient will not have any discomfort after performing the manipulation.
- Be sure to disinfect the rectal tube in a chloramine solution (3%) for an hour after all actions.
Contraindications
Installing a hypertensive enema is a safe enough procedure to be performed outside a medical hospital, but it is recommended to do this after examination or consultation with an experienced doctor. The presence of one of the following factors is an absolute contraindication for this procedure:
- The first days after surgery on the digestive system. The procedure can be performed no earlier than 3-4 weeks after surgery.
- Bleeding from the anus. Carrying out is unacceptable in the presence of bleeding ulcers, erosions or perforations
- Inflammatory processes and neoplasms in the intestines. Thickening of the intestinal walls, polyps, fibroids and other tumors are absolute contraindications for performing an enema.
- Rectal prolapse and anal fissures
Contraindications for hypertensive enema
Cases when a person, without consulting a doctor, at the first sign of constipation tries to douche, are common. Doctors recommend avoiding such actions until the last minute and using teas or medications for medicinal purposes. The procedure is indicated only in emergency cases; if this procedure is performed frequently, there is a risk of aggravating the pathology and making it more difficult to cope with. There are critical contraindications to an enema:
- the first few days after abdominal surgery;
- severe heart failure;
- constipation due to hemorrhoids, uterine, gastrointestinal, hemorrhoidal bleeding;
- inflammation in the rectum, which is associated with erosive, ulcerative manifestations (ulcers, erosions, proctitis, sigmoiditis, fissures);
- peritonitis, appendicitis and other acute conditions due to pathology of the abdominal organs;
- rectal prolapse;
- intestinal tumors (at any location);
- suspicion of surgical pathology, the presence of pain during constipation.
Indications for use
Experts do not recommend performing the procedure yourself. The effect it has on the body can harm a person suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, before performing it, it is strongly recommended to consult a doctor. Indications for hypertensive enema are:
- Constipation. We are talking about both chronic cases and isolated ones, in which the act of defecation is absent for more than three days and cannot be induced by medication.
- Hypertonic disease. Permanent high blood pressure, which is the cause of poor health, may be an indication for the procedure
- Poisoning. Intoxication of the body with pesticides and their breakdown products in most cases, including withdrawal syndrome
- Increased swelling. The hypertensive version of the classical procedure is effective for any location
- Preparation for surgical procedures. Includes surgical, endoscopic or diagnostic interventions
