What to do if your child has a fever?

An increase in temperature is a protective reaction of the body. In this way, the body tries to kill viruses and infections that have entered. Therefore, high temperature is a symptom of many diseases. Most often, this becomes a reason to seek medical help.

The health of a child is a very sensitive topic for every loving parent. There is no need to rush and try to bring down the temperature with medications. Most often, antipyretics prevent the immune system from producing antibodies, that is, fighting viruses and infections on its own. Thus, the human immune system becomes weaker. It is better to contact a specialist who will prescribe a course of treatment.

If it is not possible to see a doctor, then there are several things to consider. It is important in this case to understand what caused the jump in the child’s body temperature. Typically, fever is a symptom of a wide range of diseases - from acute respiratory viral infections to kidney inflammation. Before you start lowering your child's temperature, it is important to consider the numbers on the thermometer.

Is diarrhea in children so harmless?

What does the famous pediatrician Komarovsky think about this? Diarrhea in children, in his opinion, at first glance may seem like a very harmless phenomenon, so to speak, a temporary misunderstanding. However, parents should not be mistaken about this, because certain health problems can be a provocateur for the anxious state of the child’s body. Therefore, mother and baby definitely need to consult a doctor in order to determine together with him the reasons that caused

Teething

If your baby has started teething, Dr. Komarovsky advises paying attention to the following:

• increased body temperature;
• runny nose;
• increased secretion of saliva;
• possible diarrhea;
• slight vomiting.

What should parents do in this situation:

1. Contact your pediatrician to examine your child.
2. Try to drink plenty of fluids.
3. Give a drug that slows down intestinal motility.

The child can easily become infected. Therefore, it is necessary to closely monitor him during this important period of life. And don’t be afraid to consult a specialist if necessary.

Features of intestinal disorders in children

As Komarovsky notes, in children, diarrhea is loose stool, the control of which becomes literally impossible. Not only does the consistency of stool change, but also its frequency. So, defecation can be carried out from 5 to 10 times a day. In this case, stool can have a different shade, thickness and smell, which directly depends on the cause of the disorder, as well as on the age of the child and his daily diet.

In some cases, the disorder may be a one-time phenomenon, which could well be provoked by the use of a new type of food, a change of environment, or overheating. However, do not assume that this problem is not serious and can be easily fixed at home. Often, due to their negligence, parents make many mistakes that lead to serious complications such as fever, severe dehydration, and weight loss.

Diarrhea most often occurs in young children. This occurs due to the weakness of their immune system and due to the restructuring of the body in a new way. In infants, diarrhea can occur due to a change in the diet of the mother who is breastfeeding, as well as during teething.

It should be remembered that in extremely rare cases, intestinal upset may be the norm. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to the child’s condition. If he is calm, does not cry, does not tuck his legs in, then his condition can be called satisfactory.

Food intolerance

If there is a deficiency of enzymes, a child under one year of age cannot quickly adapt to any introduction of new complementary foods, the digestive function of the body is impaired, and the absorption of beneficial elements by the walls of the stomach is impaired.

Malabsorption (enzyme deficiency) is a congenital pathology, occurs in three types:

1. lactose intolerance, poor digestion of dairy products by the stomach;
2. celiac disease, damage to the intestinal walls by gluten, cereal intolerance;
3. cystic fibrosis, a dangerous, incurable disease, expressed in the disruption of the functioning of chlorine ions; during the disease, the secretions of all body systems thicken.

Lactose intolerance is most common in infants; in order to alleviate the condition of a breastfed baby, the mother should exclude dairy products from her diet.

Gluten intolerance requires the refusal of cereal products in the complementary feeding of a child of one year - semolina porridge, soy, any products made from wheat flour.

Cystic fibrosis requires constant medical monitoring, so regular diets will not play a role here.

Before you do anything, you need to conduct a medical examination, take tests, only then will the real cause of diarrhea be revealed.

Komarovsky - the most famous pediatrician

Evgeny Olegovich Komarovsky is a doctor of the highest category, the author of a large number of scientific works and books, the host of his own television program, who has received a large quota of trust from millions of parents. I have been associated with the healthcare field for more than a quarter of a century. Since 1983, after graduating from the Kharkov Medical Institute, he worked in the regional infectious diseases hospital.

A wide parental audience is familiar with the famous pediatrician from the television show “Doctor Komarovsky’s School,” which started in the spring of 2010 on the Ukrainian TV channel “Inter.” Also, Evgeniy Olegovich often takes part in television programs devoted to medical topics, and inspires maximum confidence in issues related to children's health.

Potential danger of diarrhea

The younger the child, the greater the danger diarrhea poses to him. The thing is that diarrhea that does not go away within a week can cause total dehydration. In the presence of prolonged diarrhea, uncontrolled release of fluid into the intestinal lumen occurs. Thus, the process of absorption of liquid and salts is disrupted.

With strong and frequent stools, the child loses a large amount of fluid. At the same time, the tissues lose their tone, and the blood begins to thicken. Komarovsky identifies three main degrees of dehydration in children with diarrhea:

1. The first is that the child begins to urinate less frequently and a characteristic dry mouth occurs. When a child cries, the tears stop appearing.
2. Second, the child becomes less active, his behavior is characterized by lethargy, apathy, and drowsiness. The skin dries out significantly and becomes flabby. The active retraction of the eyeballs begins.
3. Third, the child may experience significant swelling of the extremities, he refuses to drink and becomes moody and restless. The skin becomes marble-colored. Muscle spasms and cramps may be present.

In infants, diarrhea may occur due to the consumption of formula feeding. It has been scientifically proven that children who feed on mother's milk are much less likely to suffer from both allergies and intestinal disorders.

Treatment of diarrhea should not be delayed, as this can significantly harm the child. Self-medication in this case is not appropriate, since it does not justify the possible risks.

Also, unfavorable symptoms may indicate the presence of rotavirus infection in the body, which was discovered as recently as 1973. Translated from Latin, the word rota means “wheel”, since the virus under a microscope is shaped vaguely like a wheel.

Rotavirus infection spreads through food, as well as through household contact. Regardless of living conditions and the degree of hygiene, almost all children suffer from rotavirus. The highest percentage of infections with this type of infection is among children aged 2 to 6 years. Rotavirus may cause vomiting and diarrhea in a child without fever.

Komarovsky recommends that you definitely visit your doctor and take the tests prescribed by him, on the basis of which the causative agent of the disease will be identified. Guided by an accurate diagnosis, the pediatrician will be able to prescribe effective treatment. As a rule, antimicrobial drugs (Enterofuril) are prescribed.

To normalize the child’s condition, it is recommended to use medications that lower the temperature (Paracetamol) and provide dietary nutrition selected by the attending physician according to the child’s age and the course of his disease.

First aid

When a child has diarrhea and fever, a number of actions must be taken to help the baby and prevent dehydration.

1. Call the doctor.
2. Do not give your child antibiotics unless prescribed by a doctor.
3. Isolate the baby until the cause is determined. A necessary measure to prevent the spread of infection if it is the cause of symptoms.
4. Examine the baby’s skin and mucous membranes to determine accompanying signs.
5. Do not lower the temperature below 38° until the doctor arrives.
6. It is allowed to use enterosorbents: Smecta, activated carbon.
7. Give the baby warm boiled water until the doctor arrives. This helps reduce dehydration and alleviate the child’s general condition.

Vomiting, diarrhea and fever in a child

Such a serious condition occurs due to intoxication, therefore, in the complex treatment of such conditions, drugs are prescribed that rid the body of toxins. Experts identify a number of diseases that are accompanied by exactly this set of symptoms. Among them there are food poisonings contaminated with various microorganisms.

In case of diarrhea, vomiting and fever in a child, it is recommended to take sorbents, consume large amounts of non-carbonated liquid and maintain an optimal temperature in the room, and frequently ventilate the room.

Causes of dehydration

How else does Dr. Komarovsky explain the reasons for the deterioration of well-being in children? Diarrhea in children can be caused by individual intolerance to foods received both through breast milk and during complementary feeding. It has been noticed that infants fed on mother's milk suffer from stomach upsets less often than children growing up on artificial feeding.

After all, loose stools are often provoked by feeding mixtures with which the mother tries to diversify the baby’s diet. If a child has diarrhea, what to do? Komarovsky advises, at the first signs of its manifestation, to abandon the mixtures that provoked intestinal upset and return to a more adapted diet.

Overfeeding, inflammatory processes in the body, infectious diseases, pathologies of the internal organs of the gastrointestinal tract are also provocateurs of uncontrolled bowel movements, says Dr. Komarovsky. Diarrhea in children, even the most common one, can cause dehydration, causing anemia, weight loss, decreased immunity and other negative consequences.

The causes of watery stool in children are varied. It is almost impossible to personally establish and identify the cause of poor health. Thus, the necessary therapy and preventive measures can only be prescribed by the attending doctor after an examination and medical history.

The main causes of intestinal disorders in children include:

• intestinal infection;
• ARVI;
• food poisoning;
• allergic reaction;
• dysbacteriosis;
• stress;
• helminthic infestation;
• teething;
• lactose intolerance;
• lactose deficiency;
• deficiency of certain types of enzymes;
• irritable bowel syndrome.

Particular attention should be paid to the child’s nutrition during this period. The parent must monitor whether he or she consumes enough water daily, whether there are additional feedings in the diet, and whether the child has complementary foods. The most common cause of loose stools is also teething in a child. It may additionally be accompanied by vomiting and fever.

Organic causes of incontinence:

• anomaly of the anus and rectum, including after surgery
• condition after treatment of Hirschsprung's disease
• spinal dysraphism
• spinal cord injury or tumor
• cerebral palsy
• myopathy with damage to the muscles of the pelvic day and external anal sphincter

Children with this pathology are usually observed by a surgeon or neurologist outside the field of view of gastroenterologists.

The largest group (according to some sources, up to 4% of all children) are children with functional fecal incontinence . For some reason the group is dominated by boys.

Functional fecal incontinence is also divided into two fundamentally different groups:

• retentive fecal incontinence (associated with fecal retention) - more than 80%
• non-retentive fecal incontinence

The most common cause of functional fecal incontinence is chronic constipation . Constant overflow of feces in the lower intestines leads to pressure on the anal sphincter > the excess volume begins to be discharged independently, beyond the child’s control.

Therefore, first of all, during the examination, the doctor will try to find out how the child went to the toilet before, before the onset of stool. It is often possible to establish the time of the first appearance of constipation, to trace the dynamics of constipation intensification and then the appearance of episodes of incontinence.

Possible complications and prevention

In addition to fluid, diarrhea removes from the body the calcium, potassium, and magnesium salts necessary for the child, disrupts the functioning of the central nervous system, and complicates the functioning of internal organs. In severe cases, dehydration is a cause of death. Symptoms:

• no urination for 6 hours;
• dry mucous membranes, lips, tongue;
• blue circles under the eyes;
• haggard, angular facial features;
• crying without tears.

If these symptoms are present, it will not be possible to restore the fluid balance in the child’s body at home on your own. It is vitally important to see a doctor immediately. Pain, cramping in the abdomen, blood in the stool, high body temperature are signs of a progressive disease and require the attention of a specialist.

Dr. Komarovsky considers preventive measures for the occurrence of diarrhea in children to include hand hygiene, control over the quality of food consumed, quarantine in child care institutions when infectious diseases appear in the community, regular medical examinations and attention from the mother and loved ones.

The article was approved by the editors

What to do if a child has a temperature of 39 ºC?

A temperature of 39ºC is considered high for a child’s body. However, in this case, you should also not give an antipyretic without consulting a doctor. A child’s fever is an excellent opportunity for the body to fight off the infection on its own. In this way, immunity to the outside world is developed. In addition, some drugs can cause an allergic reaction or a number of side effects, so it is better to consult a specialist first.

What to do if a child has a temperature of 39ºC?

• Seek medical help;
• Do not wrap your child in a blanket to make him feel even hotter;
• Doctors recommend wiping the baby with a damp towel;
• It is better to abandon the old-fashioned methods - do not wipe your child with vinegar or alcohol, as an allergic reaction or intoxication may occur;
• Apply a cool compress to the forehead;
• Give as much liquid as possible - warm milk, water, compotes and fruit drinks.

Methods for treating diarrhea in children of different ages according to Komarovsky

Competent and effective treatment of diarrhea in children does not always include taking medications. The presence of blood in the stool is a symptom that requires consultation with a doctor at any age. How to be treated depends on the diagnosis. We can talk about chronic constipation, followed by diarrhea, and more serious diseases, such as malignant tumors.

In one-year-old children, loose stools appear when new foods are introduced into the diet as complementary foods. In this situation, the baby does not require treatment, but nutritional correction is necessary to reduce intestinal motor function. A newborn baby under one month of age who is breastfed may diarrhea due to the fact that the nursing mother does not adhere to dietary nutrition. It includes in the diet foods that are not included during breastfeeding. The baby experiences nausea and often burps.

Komarovsky recommends treating diarrhea in a child caused by a viral infection with plenty of fluids, excluding the use of antiviral drugs, since the human immune system can fight viruses on its own. A small patient needs to be provided with a comfortable air temperature, a sufficient amount of oxygen and humidity in the room, plenty of fluids, and, if necessary, an antipyretic.

The bacterial nature of diarrhea in children in some cases requires drug treatment with antibiotics, which is prescribed by a specialist. On average, antibiotic therapy cures the disease in 5-7 days. It is important not to stop treatment after the patient’s condition improves, but to complete the course to the end. In most cases, the disease will subside in a few days when taking sorbents in the correct dosage, medications that maintain the mineral-salt and water balance of the body, drinking plenty of fluids, rest and fresh air.

Loose stools often appear in children in the first year of life due to teething. If parents are sure that this is the cause of the disorder, it makes sense to give the baby an age-appropriate drug that reduces intestinal motility. Introduce rice broth, a weak infusion of bird cherry or raisins into the baby’s diet.

For any type of eating disorder, Komarovsky considers sufficient drinking to be the main way to combat diarrhea. The task of parents is to ensure that the patient has a regular drinking regime. Ideally, the child should be given water with saline solutions specially purchased at the pharmacy, which retain fluid in the body.

To give your baby something to drink, a syringe or a teaspoon will do. To prevent the baby from spitting out the liquid introduced into the mouth, it is worth dripping it with a syringe behind the cheek, so the baby will definitely swallow the moisture. If the patient refuses to drink saline solution, any drinks are suitable to prevent dehydration, even those that Dr. Komarovsky considers harmful in everyday life: sweet soda, juice, etc. To prevent dehydration in a child, any liquid will do.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSoMdfN-S_k

If children develop diarrhea, doctors prescribe medications that support intestinal microflora. Dr. Komarovsky does not consider this type of therapy necessary and justified, since the World Health Organization excludes such a diagnosis as dysbiosis. The doctor classifies such drugs as placebo drugs - the drugs do neither benefit nor harm the body, but only calm the baby’s mother.

She believes that she fulfilled her duty if she gave the child medicine to preserve intestinal microflora. Komarovsky claims that if diarrhea occurs, the consistency of the stool will be restored in 2-3 days on its own, regardless of whether the baby’s mother gave drugs to replenish the beneficial intestinal microflora.

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In some cases, diarrhea can actually look harmless. Sometimes parents don’t even pay attention to the fact that their child has had bowel movements several times. However, diarrhea can be accompanied by quite aggressive symptoms, namely:

• temperature;
• bloating;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• lethargy;
• drowsiness;
• fever;
• stomach ache;
• flatulence;
• regurgitation;
• weight loss;
• pale skin;
• dry skin.

Diarrhea without fever

Diarrhea, which is not accompanied by an increase in temperature, almost always indicates the presence of disorders in the digestive system. The problem may be associated not only with physiological, but also with psychological factors. As a child grows older, physiological changes occur in the body, this occurs due to maturation and due to changes in diet.

As for the psychological side of the issue, many children react extremely impressionably to the events that happen to them. This includes not only moving, a change of environment, but also the beginning of the communication process with other children, as well as people in general.

If the child is under three months old, then loose stools without obvious abnormalities can be considered quite acceptable. Children at this age are characterized by mushy stools of a characteristic yellow or white color.

Diarrhea with fever

An increase in body temperature clearly indicates health problems in the child. So, diarrhea with fever may indicate the presence of an infectious disease or rotavirus. In some cases, the problem is associated with the beginning of teething. In this case, parents need to provide the most optimal conditions - diet, medications that have an antipyretic effect, and drinking plenty of fluids. However, the final diagnosis of the disease can only be announced by a doctor.

Diarrhea with vomiting

Such symptoms indicate the presence of pathogenic bacteria that are actively multiplying. Diarrhea and vomiting are a kind of protective reaction of the body to internal changes. Also, such a problem may indicate the presence of a viral and infectious pathology that has just begun to develop. Food poisoning cannot be ruled out.

Diarrhea with vomiting and fever

The manifestation of three symptoms at the same time means that the child has a serious illness. In this case, you cannot take self-medication measures, as this can cost not only your health, but also your life. In this case, we can talk about a very diverse range of diseases. If there is blood in the stool or vomit, this is a critical symptom.

Diarrhea

Credits : World Health Organization

Newsletter No. N°330 April 2013

Key Facts

• Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death among children under five years of age. It can be prevented and treated.
• Every year, 760 thousand children under the age of five die from diarrhea.
• A significant proportion of diarrheal diseases can be prevented by providing safe drinking water and adequate sanitation and hygiene.
• There are approximately 1.7 billion cases of diarrhea worldwide each year.
• Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of malnutrition among children under five years of age.

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under five, killing 760,000 children every year. Diarrhea can last for several days and can drain the body of water and salts it needs to survive. Many people who die from diarrhea are actually dying from severe dehydration and fluid loss. Children who are malnourished or have weakened immune systems are at greatest risk of life-threatening diarrhea.

Diarrhea is defined as loose or loose stools three or more times a day (or more often than normal for a particular person). Frequent stools are not diarrhea. Unformed, “pasty” stool from breastfed babies is also not diarrhea. Diarrhea is usually a symptom of an intestinal tract infection, which can be caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses and parasites. The infection spreads through contaminated food or drinking water or from person to person as a result of poor hygiene. Interventions to prevent diarrhea, including providing safe drinking water, using improved sanitation, and washing hands with soap, can help reduce the risk of disease. Diarrhea can be treated with a solution of pure water, sugar and salt, and zinc tablets. There are three clinical types of diarrhea:

• acute watery diarrhea - lasts several hours or days and includes cholera;
• acute bloody diarrhea - also called dysentery; And
• persistent diarrhea - lasts 14 days or more.

The incidence of diarrhea

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of child mortality and morbidity in the world. It develops mainly as a result of consuming contaminated food and water. Globally, some 780 million people lack access to improved water and 2.5 billion people lack access to basic sanitation. Diarrhea caused by infection is common in developing countries. In developing countries, children under three years of age experience diarrhea on average three times a year. Every time children are deprived of the nutrition necessary for their development. As a result, diarrhea is one of the leading causes of malnutrition, and children suffering from malnutrition are more likely to develop diarrhea.

Dehydration

The most significant threat posed by diarrhea is dehydration or dehydration. During diarrhea, water and electrolytes (sodium, chlorine, potassium and bicarbonate) are eliminated from the body through loose stools, vomiting, sweat, urine and breath. Dehydration occurs when these losses are not replaced. There are three degrees of dehydration.

• Early dehydration - has no signs or symptoms.
• Moderate dehydration: thirst;
• restless behavior and irritability;
• decreased skin elasticity;
• sunken eyes.

Severe dehydration can be fatal if fluids and electrolytes are not replaced either with oral rehydration salts (ORS) or intravenous drips.

Causes

Infection: Diarrhea is a symptom of infections caused by a wide range of bacteria, viruses and parasites, most of which are spread through fecal-contaminated water. Infections are most common where there is a lack of clean water for drinking, cooking and personal hygiene. The most common causes of diarrhea in developing countries are rotavirus and the bacterium Escherichia coli.

Malnutrition: Children who die from diarrhea often suffer from underlying malnutrition, which makes them more vulnerable. Each case of diarrhea in turn worsens their malnutrition. Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of malnutrition among children under five years of age.

Source: Of particular concern is water contaminated with human feces, such as from sewage, septic tanks and latrines. Animal feces also contain microorganisms that can cause diarrhea.

Other causes: Diarrhea can also spread from person to person, which is aggravated by poor personal hygiene. Food is another significant cause of diarrhea when it is prepared or stored in unhygienic conditions. Water can contaminate food during irrigation. Fish and seafood from contaminated water can also cause this disease.

Prevention and treatment

Basic measures to prevent diarrhea include the following:

• access to safe drinking water;
• improved sanitation facilities;
• washing hands with soap;
• exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life;
• proper personal and food hygiene;
• health education regarding the spread of infections;
• vaccination against rotavirus infection.

Basic measures to treat diarrhea include the following:

• Rehydration: with oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution. ORS is a mixture of pure water, salt and sugar that can be safely prepared at home. Treatment with this mixture costs a few cents. ORS are absorbed in the small intestine and replace water and electrolytes lost from the body in feces.
• Zinc supplements: Zinc supplements reduce the duration of diarrhea by 25% and result in a 30% reduction in stool volume.
• Rehydration through intravenous drips in case of acute dehydration or shock.
• Nutrient-rich foods: The cycle of malnutrition and diarrhea can be broken by feeding children nutrient-rich foods (including breast milk) during diarrhea and subsequently feeding nutritious foods to recovered children (including exclusive breastfeeding for the first six years). months of life).
• Consult a healthcare professional, particularly regarding management of persistent diarrhea, blood in the stool, or signs of dehydration.

WHO activities

WHO works with Member States and other partners on the following:

• promoting national policies and investments that support the management of diarrhea and its complications, and increasing access to safe drinking water and sanitation in developing countries;
• conducting research to develop and test new strategies for delivering health services in this area;
• building capacity for preventive interventions, including sanitation, improved water sources, and household water treatment and safe storage;
• developing new health interventions such as immunization against rotavirus;
• Promoting the training of health workers, especially at the community level.

Source

published 03/27/2014 12:50 updated 04/01/2014 - Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, Gastroenterology, WHO materials

How can you treat diarrhea?

Diarrhea in a child is not always a sign of infection or poisoning. If there is no fever, the baby is active, there are no suspicious inclusions in the stool, treatment can be done at home.

You cannot do without professional help if:

• the temperature rose sharply;
• vomiting began;
• the child is very weak;
• there is blood and foam in the stool;
• the stool has acquired an atypical color;
• diarrhea does not stop for more than a day.

Children under one year old deserve special attention. Due to their low weight, they lose fluid very quickly, and dehydration develops very quickly.

If such signs occur, you must contact the infectious diseases department. After examining the child and examining the stool, treatment is prescribed. If a bacteriological or viral nature of diarrhea is suspected, a laboratory examination of stool is performed.

Treatment in a hospital lasts several days and depends on the age, condition of the child and the type of infection.

First aid: what to do to stop diarrhea?

Alimentary diarrhea can be stopped at home. To do this, it is enough to exclude the irritating factor - any food. Loose stools usually disappear after a few hours.

It happens that, against the background of the disorder, the appetite remains at the same level and the child asks to eat. You can offer him a cracker or unleavened cookies with weakly brewed tea.

It is strictly forbidden to feed the child:

• fermented milk products;
• fresh fruits, vegetables and juice from them;
• solid food.

If diarrhea is accompanied by vomiting, the amount of liquid should not exceed 20 ml, but you need to drink every 10-15 minutes.

Infants do not stop breastfeeding. It must be remembered that mother’s milk will not be able to replace the fluid lost by the body, so between feedings you need to pour 5 ml of water into the baby’s mouth.

While waiting for an ambulance, you can give an absorbent agent (Smecta or Activated Carbon). These drugs are not absorbed into the blood, so they are harmless even for babies.

Medicines and preparations for children with diarrhea

Drug therapy for diarrhea in children consists of several areas:

• Restoration of water-salt balance.

For this, use Regidron or Glucosalan. The drug in powder form is diluted in warm water and given in small sips after 5-10 minutes.

Absorbent preparations will cope with this task: Activated carbon (in powder, tablets or gel form), Smecta, Enterosgel. These products absorb not only toxins, but also molecules of other medications, so you need to maintain an interval of 1.5-2 hours between different drugs.

• Levomecitin, Enturol, Furozalidone are used for antibacterial effects.
• Restoration of microflora is carried out with the help of probiotics and prebiotics: Linex, Enterol, Bifiform Baby.
• Normalization of peristalsis.

For diarrhea accompanied by uncontrolled contractions of the intestines, Loperamide or Imodium is prescribed.

If diarrhea is caused by waste products of helminths in combination with symptomatic treatment, antihelminthic drugs (Nemozol, Pirontel) are prescribed.

The type, form and dosage of medications for diarrhea in children is determined by the pediatrician. It is strictly forbidden to use medications intended for adults.

Traditional medicine at home

In addition to basic treatment, you can use proven recipes from unofficial medicine:

Rice decoction for stool consolidation

2 tablespoons of cereal are washed once and poured into hot water (about half a liter).

Cook over low heat for 35-45 minutes. The cooled broth is ground until smooth and given to the child 1-2 tablespoons several times an hour.

Bird cherry decoction

A handful of dry berries is poured with 2 cups of boiling water and simmered in a water bath for half an hour. After cooling, the liquid is filtered and given to the child 20 ml after 2 hours. For children under 3 years old, a teaspoon is enough.

Oak bark decoction

It solves several problems at once: it makes stool denser, eliminates the process of inflammation in the mucous membrane and destroys some microbes. It’s easy to prepare: oak bark is poured with boiling water in a ratio of 1:2 and heated in a water bath for 20 minutes. The cooled liquid should be drunk 50 ml 4-5 times a day.

Rosehip decoction

Contains many vitamins, it is recommended to drink it instead of tea if there are signs of dehydration. It is very simple to prepare the product: pour a handful of rose hips with a liter of water and boil for 7-10 minutes. The container with the decoction is left to infuse for an hour under a warm blanket.

Chamomile tea

Has anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Taking it during diarrhea soothes the inflamed mucous membrane and eliminates discomfort. The plant can be added to regular tea or brewed separately (1 tablespoon per glass of boiling water).

Despite being completely natural, the listed remedies may have undesirable effects, so be sure to consult your doctor before using chamomile.

Nutrition and diet during treatment

Starting from the second day, you can introduce porridge with water (oatmeal or rice), ground dietary meat, vegetable broths, low-fat cottage cheese, hard-boiled eggs, and omelet into your diet. All food must be prepared without adding spices.

Doctor Komarovsky's opinion

Parents can provide some first aid to their child themselves. Their implementation is indicated if the doctor cannot visit you within several hours.

The main goal of parents is to stop the incessant diarrhea and stop the process of dehydration as much as possible.

So, if we are talking about an infant, then the following measures can be taken:

• offer the child breast milk or formula as often as possible (if the child does not refuse food);
• try to feed the child with special solutions to restore water balance (they can be purchased at any pharmacy) 60 or 120 ml. after each feeding;
• The child must be given water until he has completely quenched his thirst.

If we are talking about a child who is over 1 year old:

• diversify your diet with dietary meat, vegetables, and dairy products;
• Give the child a special solution, 120 ml. after each attack of diarrhea or vomiting;
• provide plenty of fluids.

Additional and key treatment prescribed by the doctor most often includes taking a number of medications. However, medications can only be prescribed if the child has an intestinal infection.

With adequate treatment, unpleasant symptoms disappear within 3-4 days. It must be remembered that thoughtless use of antibiotics can be unsafe. They can easily provoke deterioration and aggravate vomiting and diarrhea.

Diarrhea and vomiting are powerful natural mechanisms for removing toxic substances from the body. Most often, loose stools are a consequence of pathogenic microbes entering the gastrointestinal tract due to poorly washed vegetables and fruits, licking dirty hands, drinking unpurified water, and helminthic infestations. Some viruses cause stool upset by entering the body through the mucous membranes and causing inflammation, which is why diarrhea occurs.

minimizing the consequences of diarrhea and eliminating the cause of its occurrence. Therapy for diarrhea is aimed at restoring the mucous barrier of the intestinal walls and eliminating foci of intoxication in the gastrointestinal tract. You should not hesitate to drink if your baby has loose stools. At the pharmacy it is worth purchasing special mineral solutions that help prevent rapid dehydration of the patient. Drinking plenty of fluids is an important thing that a mother should provide if her child has diarrhea.

The child has a fever without symptoms

Sometimes fever can occur without symptoms. In this case, too, you should not panic. There are a number of explanations for this. Situations with a high temperature in a child without symptoms of disease can be divided into two conditional groups:

• normal temperature fluctuations;
• periodic surges or prolonged feverish states associated with certain pathologies or inflammatory processes.

A child’s temperature without signs of a cold can be caused by the following reasons:

• Overheat. In summer, children often play outside in the sun in the heat, which increases the heat flow in the body. Usually, along with this, the body loses a lot of fluid due to sweating. Dehydration plus being outside in hot weather can cause your temperature to rise. For young children, there are other reasons for overheating and thermal imbalance, for example, excessive physical activity and excessive fatigue;
• Allergy. It can manifest itself as a rash on the surface of the skin or as an elevated body temperature;
• Reaction to vaccination. This is a normal behavior of the body in response to vaccination; in the case of using live vaccines, the fever can last up to 3 days;
• Physiological fever. Usually seen in newborns. Their body reacts sharply to any changes in external temperature. In this case, there is no need to be afraid - within a few hours or days, a stable and normal temperature is established;
• Frail nervous system. Children have a weak, unstabilized psyche, so against the background of prolonged crying, loud extraneous sounds and other irritating factors, an increase in temperature without obvious symptoms is possible;
• Teething. This process weakens the child’s body, which is why the baby experiences a fever.

What to feed your baby

In case of profuse diarrhea and vomiting, indicating an intestinal disorder, Evgeniy Olegovich does not recommend feeding the patient if the child persistently refuses to eat. All that the baby needs during the acute phase of the disease is to give plenty of fluids to avoid fluid loss. If your baby feels better, he will ask to eat; you should not immediately feed him a lot and often. At first, easily digestible dishes and products are suitable as food: bananas, liquid oatmeal, low-fat broth with bread or crackers. With diarrhea, a child has lost a significant amount of beneficial microbes that live in the intestines and help digest food. Until the number of these bacteria is restored, children need to adhere to a diet. This usually happens within 3-4 days, after which you can return to your usual menu. Feeding infants during illness should be limited to mother's milk.

What to do if a child has a temperature of 38°C?

If the thermometer showed such a figure, then there is no need to panic. Doctors consider it to be moderately elevated, and in most cases it is safe. However, the problem should not be overlooked.

Pediatricians call this condition fever. This is one of the signals that the child is sick. Usually this temperature does not last long - a couple of days at most. To bring your baby back to normal, it is recommended to surround him with the necessary care and attention.

Children under six months of age with a temperature of 38ºC or higher should seek immediate medical attention. You should not give your baby antipyretics until examined by a pediatrician.

Actions that will help your child get back to normal faster:

• Provide plenty of fluids. It is important that the temperature of the liquid matches body temperature;
• Do not give your child liquids that he has not drunk before. This is done so as not to cause allergies;
• Don't force your baby to eat. If he refuses to eat, then it is better to listen to him and abstain;
• There is no need to force your child to lie in bed. Let him spend this period where he is comfortable;
• Measure body temperature every 2 hours. If growth is observed, then you need to call an ambulance.

We can say that fever also has positive properties. It helps to activate the body's defenses, accelerates metabolic processes, stimulates energy production to fight infection and restore tissues damaged as a result of the disease.

When is diarrhea harmless?

Komarovsky considers diarrhea in a child to be a normal phenomenon if frequent loose stools are associated with a change in diet, physical processes occurring in the body (for example, teething), as well as the baby’s experiences.

In very young children, loose stools can be observed about 20 times during the day, which is considered quite acceptable. After reaching 3 years of age, stool is usually characterized by a mushy consistency, yellow or brown color, and a bowel movement frequency of 1 to 3 times per day.

If a child’s loose stools have not stopped by the age of 3 and bother him with the same intensity, he should urgently contact a pediatrician, who will try to identify the causes of the disease as accurately as possible to make a correct diagnosis.

The doctor will be interested in the duration of the intestinal disorder, the frequency of bowel movements and urination, the consistency of stool, weight loss, tears during bowel movements, blood and mucus in the stool, as well as associated symptoms: vomiting, rash, fever, abdominal pain. Information about the child’s visits to childcare facilities, illnesses among family members at the time of the examination, sources of drinking water, etc. is also important.

Gastrointestinal allergies in children

Gastrointestinal allergy is a lesion of the gastrointestinal tract of an allergic nature, which ranks second among the pathologies associated with food allergies [1, 2].

Gastrointestinal allergies are caused by food allergens.

In the first place is an allergy to cow's milk proteins, which contains up to 15 antigens, of which the most active are αS1-casein and γ-casein. In second place is chicken egg white. In third place are fish and seafood.

Among dietary fibers of plant origin, cereals such as wheat, rye, oats, and buckwheat play a role. There are currently many reactions to rice and soy. Allergic reactions can be caused by fruits (citrus fruits, apples, bananas, etc.), berries (raspberries, currants, etc.), vegetables (tomatoes, carrots, beets).

Risk factors for developing gastrointestinal allergies

Risk factors for the development of gastrointestinal allergies include:

• genetic factors - increased frequency of HLA-B8 and DW3 antigens;
• antenatal factors leading to intrauterine sensitization of the fetus: abuse of obligate allergens by a pregnant woman, ARVI, use of antibiotics, occupational hazards, etc.;
• childbirth by cesarean section, which leads to disruption of intestinal microflora;
• early artificial feeding;
• hygienic factors: reduction of antigenic microbial load due to small families and improved living conditions.

The development of gastrointestinal food allergy is based on:

• decreased oral tolerance to food allergens;
• allergic reaction in the gastrointestinal tract;
• development of allergic inflammation in the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.

Reasons for decreased oral tolerance to food allergens:

In young children:

• functional immaturity, including enzymatic deficiency;
• secretory IgA deficiency;
• excessive intestinal antigenic contact;
• immunosuppressive effects of past viral infections.

In older children:

• a consequence of exposure to intestinal irritants, helminths, and intestinal candidiasis.

Types of allergic reactions that cause gastrointestinal allergies:

• IgE-mediated;
• non-IgE-mediated;
• immune complex and cell mediated.

In response to the allergen, type 2 T helper cells are activated - Th2 cells, which secrete interleukins IL4, IL5 and IL13, which switch the B lymphocyte to overproduce IgE. IgE is fixed on target cells: mast cells, basophils. When the allergen re-enters, an antigen-antibody reaction occurs, the release of preformed mediators (histamine, etc.) and the synthesis of new ones (leukotrienes, prostaglandins), which cause the early and late phases of the allergic reaction. In the early phase of the allergic reaction, mediators act on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, which in this case is the shock organ. Mediators cause spasm of smooth muscles (intestinal colic, abdominal pain), hypersecretion of mucus (vomiting, diarrhea) and swelling of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. In the late phase of the allergic reaction, migration of eosinophils, activated T-lymphocytes, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to the site of inflammation is noted, which maintains chronic allergic inflammation in the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract [3–6].

Less commonly, non-IgE-mediated allergic reactions may occur in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal allergies:

• Immune complex reactions - in response to an allergen, IgG and IgM are synthesized, immune complexes are formed, complement is activated, which leads to the release of allergy mediators and the development of immune inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Cell-mediated reactions - sensitized T-lymphocytes are formed, releasing cytokines leading to allergic inflammation.

The non-IgE-mediated type develops: enterocolitis due to food protein, proctitis.

There is a dependence of the clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal allergies on the level of sensitization and the age of the child.

Forms of gastrointestinal allergies

Depending on the level of sensitization, the following forms of gastrointestinal allergies are distinguished:

Oral allergy syndrome

• allergic esophagitis;
• allergic gastritis;
• intestinal colic;
• allergic enteropathy;
• allergic colitis;
• signs of cheilitis, gingivitis, glossitis: swelling of the lips, oral mucosa, tongue;
• recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Allergic esophagitis

In young children:

• resembles a clinic of pyloric spasm: vomiting within one hour after feeding;
• severe pain during eating.

In older children:

• feeling of numbness, burning along the esophagus;
• pain in the throat and behind the sternum;
• difficulty swallowing due to dyskinesia and edema of the esophagus.

Allergic gastritis

For allergic gastritis, a few minutes after ingesting the allergen:

• cramping pain in the epigastrium;
• recurrent vomiting.

Allergic enteropathy

Recurrent diarrhea that occurs after ingestion of a food allergen.

Intestinal colic

• the onset of an attack after feeding a food allergen;
• loud shrill scream;
• redness of the face, pallor of the nasolabial triangle;
• the stomach is swollen and tense, the legs are pulled up to the stomach, the feet are cold;
• arms are pressed to the body.

Allergic colitis

• abdominal pain 12–36 hours after eating;
• presence of glassy mucus in the stool;
• rectal bleeding - hemocolitis.

Severe forms of gastrointestinal allergies

Severe forms of gastrointestinal allergies include allergic gastroenterocolitis with clinical symptoms such as:

• repeated vomiting;
• bloating;
• frequent loose stools;
• large amounts of mucus and blood;

In older children, prolonged antigenic irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa can lead to the formation of ulcers.

Features of gastrointestinal allergies

Features of gastrointestinal allergies in children are:

In children under 3 years of age:

• abdominal pain (in infants, intestinal colic is more common);
• flatulence;
• unstable stools (up to 5–6 times a day, liquefied with mucus, sometimes blood);
• regurgitation, vomiting;
• obvious and hidden intestinal bleeding leading to anemia;
• symptoms are associated with ingestion of food allergens and disappear after eliminating them from the diet.

In children from 3 to 6 years old:

• symptoms of gastric dyspepsia are more pronounced: heartburn, nausea, vomiting;
• less often than at an early age, symptoms of intestinal dyspepsia occur: flatulence and diarrhea;
• abdominal pain is less intense than in infants;
• symptoms are associated with ingestion of food allergens and disappear after eliminating them from the diet.

In school-age children:

• the clinical picture is more blurred;
• Abdominal pain is the most common;
• manifestations of gastric dyspepsia (belching, heartburn, nausea);
• manifestations of intestinal dyspepsia (constipation);
• decreased appetite and complete aversion to the product that caused the allergic process.

Diagnosis of gastrointestinal allergies

When diagnosing gastrointestinal [7, 8] allergies, the following is necessary:

1. Collection of allergy history:

• hereditary history of allergies;
• the child has skin or respiratory allergies.

2. Determination of clinical features:

• connection of the disease with food allergens;
• abdominal pain, intestinal colic;
• dyspeptic symptoms (vomiting, loose stools with clear mucus and blood);
• normal body temperature, no intoxication;
• positive dynamics after eliminating the allergen and prescribing antihistamines.

3. Laboratory research methods include:

• complete blood count - eosinophilia;
• coprogram - light mucus and red blood cells in the stool;
• endoscopy: esophagus, stomach, duodenum - pale mucous membrane, mucus, semolina symptom, linear grooves;
• histology ≥ 20 eosinophils per field of view.

4. Specific allergological examination:

• skin tests with food allergens (scarification, prik-test);
• determination of total IgE;
• determination of allergen-specific IgE and IgG4.

Treatment of gastrointestinal allergies

Treatment for gastrointestinal allergies includes:

• diet therapy with the elimination of causally significant allergens (highly sensitizing and individually intolerant foods are excluded);
• pharmacotherapy:
• antihistamines;
• membrane stabilizers;
• enterosorbents;
• enzymes.

Diet therapy in infancy

When breastfeeding: a strict hypoallergenic diet for the mother. Foods with high sensitizing activity and individually intolerable foods are excluded from the diet.

When artificial feeding, only medicinal mixtures are prescribed:

• protein hydrolysates: complete - whey and casein;
• Soy formula is used in children older than 6 months. Their use is limited because sensitization quickly develops to them;
• mixtures based on New Zealand goat milk: Nanny classic from birth to 1 year, Nanny 1 with prebiotics for children from 0 to 6 months, Nanny 2 with prebiotics for children from 6 months to 1 year, Nanny 3 - for children over 1 year.

There are differences in the protein composition of New Zealand goat's milk from cow's milk. It contains virtually no αS1-casein; the main casein protein is β-casein. This proportion is close to the composition of human milk. A less dense clot forms in the stomach. Its digestion is greatly facilitated. The formation of a soft casein curd accelerates the breakdown of whey proteins. The complete digestion of goat's milk proteins explains the low risk of allergic reactions when consuming New Zealand goat's milk.

Benefits of New Zealand Goat's Milk Formulas:

• there is practically no αS1-casein, which is the main protein in cow's milk that causes allergic reactions;
• does not contain sucrose and glucose;
• does not contain flavoring additives or dyes;
• The composition of Nanny formula for children from birth is as close as possible to human milk.

Contraindications to the use of Nenny mixtures:

• lactase deficiency;
• allergy to goat's milk;
• An immunological examination revealed sensitization to goat milk proteins.

Features of introducing complementary foods to children with gastrointestinal allergies

Features of introducing complementary foods to children with gastrointestinal allergies:

• complementary foods are introduced no earlier than 5 months;
• vegetable puree only monocomponent;
• Dairy-free, hypoallergenic porridges, such as buckwheat, rice, corn. If you are not allergic to goat milk proteins, buckwheat and rice Bibikashi based on New Zealand goat milk are recommended;
• rabbit, horse meat, turkey, pork, lamb, beef.

Sample menu for a 7-month-old child with food allergies who is bottle-fed:

• 6 hours. Nanny 2 mixture with prebiotics 200 ml.
• 10 hours. Buckwheat Bibikasha 200 ml.
• 14 hours. Vegetable puree from zucchini 150 ml, meat puree (rabbit meat) 50 g.
• 18 hours. Nanny 2 mixture with prebiotics 200 ml.
• 22 hours. Nanny 2 mixture with prebiotics 200 ml.

Whole goat's milk is not recommended for infants. This is an unadapted product. It contains too high a level of minerals, which puts an increased burden on the child’s digestive system and kidneys, and an insufficient amount of vitamins and especially folic acid, which can cause the development of megaloblastic anemia.

Pharmacotherapy

Antihistamines: from 1 month of age - Fenistil (drops), Suprastin (tablets) 2-3 times a day, from 6 months - Zyrtec (drops) - 1 time a day, from 1 year - Erius (syrup) 1 time a day day. The course of treatment is 2–3 weeks.

Membrane stabilizers in the period of remission - Ketotifen 2 times a day, Nalkrom 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment is 2–3 months.

Enterosorbents. During an exacerbation period, 10-14 days - Enterosgel (paste, gel) 2-3 times a day, Smecta, Filtrum, Laktofiltrum.

Enzymes - Creon, Mezim forte, Pancitrate 2-3 weeks.

Symptomatic therapy: for vomiting - Motilium, for flatulence, intestinal colic - Espumisan, Sab simplex.

Prevention of gastrointestinal allergies

In risk groups for the development of food allergies, which includes children with a family history of allergic diseases, it is recommended:

• observance of a rational diet by the pregnant woman and during lactation. If a pregnant woman has an allergic reaction, highly allergenic foods are excluded from the diet;
• elimination of occupational hazards;
• smoking cessation;
• breastfeeding until at least 4–6 months of life;
• Early (before 4 months of life) introduction of complementary foods is not recommended;
• if breastfeeding is impossible for children at risk of developing allergic diseases, it is recommended to use partial protein hydrolysates or Nanny mixtures based on goat milk: Nenny classic, Nenny 1 with prebiotics, Nenny 2 with prebiotics, Nenny 3;
• formation of the child’s tolerance to the action of common allergens.

Literature

1. Baranov A. A., Balabolkin I. I., Subbotina O. A. Gastrointestinal food allergy in children. M.: Publishing house "Dynasty". 2002. 180 p.
2. Khaitov R. M., Pinegin B. V. Assessment of human immune status in normal and pathological conditions // Immunology. 2001. No. 4. P. 4–6.
3. Gómez-Llorente C., Muñoz S., Gil A. Role of Toll-like receptors in the development of immunotolerance mediated by probiotics // Proc Nutr Soc. 2010, Aug; 69(3):381–389. Epub 2010 Apr 23.
4. Shanahan F. Nutrient tasting and signaling mechanisms in the gut V. Mechanisms of immunologic sensation of intestinal contents // Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000, Feb; 278(2):G191–196.
5. Van der Sluys Veer A., ​​Biemond I., Verspaget HW et al. Faecal parameters in the assessment of activity in inflammatory bowel disease // Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999; 34(Suppl 230): 106–110.
6. Mantis NJ, Forbes SJ Secretory IgA: arresting microbial pathogens at epithelial borders // Immunol Invest. 2010; 39 (4–5): 383–406. Review.
7. Brandtzaeg P. Update on mucosal immunoglobulin A in gastrointestinal disease // Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010, Nov; 26(6):554–563.
8. Chahine BG, Bahna SL The role of the gut mucosal immunity in the development of tolerance versus development of allergy to food // Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010, Aug; 10 (4): 394–399.

T. G. Malanicheva*, 1, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor N. V. Ziatdinova*, Candidate of Medical Sciences S. N. Denisova**, Doctor of Medical Sciences

* State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education KSMU Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kazan ** State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Russian National Research Medical University named after. N. I. Pirogova Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow

1 Contact information

About the problem

Diarrhea is a manifestation of the body’s ability to get rid of bacteria and viruses, of which there are a great many around the child. Neither the water that the baby drinks, nor the food, nor the air is sterile. What can we say about playing in the sandbox, crawling on the grass, on the floor, etc. Humans have several such protective “systems”: saliva is designed to destroy microbes at the stage of entering the mouth, bronchial and nasal mucus protect the respiratory organs from getting into them bacteria and viruses, gastric juice effectively destroys those microorganisms that managed to enter the body through the mouth and reach the digestive organs unharmed. Bacteria, which are the indigenous inhabitants, await “uninvited guests” in the intestines. Their task is to prevent malicious agents from taking root.

Diarrhea in a child can be caused by an intestinal infection that enters the mouth through unwashed hands, poorly washed vegetables and fruits, through water, or with food. Often these are bacteria.

Some viruses, such as rotavirus, also cause diarrhea. The intestinal mucosa is an excellent breeding ground for their reproduction, and therefore digestion is disrupted, the intestinal mucosa is irritated and diarrhea occurs.

Temperature candles for children

Candles can be used to treat adults and children. Components that promote healing are absorbed through the intestinal mucosa, enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, providing an antipyretic effect. The process bypasses the upper gastrointestinal tract without causing irritation. Their main difference from capsules and tablets is that the components necessary for treatment enter the body faster, and accordingly, recovery will occur sooner.

Temperature candles for children:

• Efferalgan. Their active substance is paracetamol, which blocks the center of pain and thermoregulation. Suppositories are used for elevated body temperature, acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, infectious diseases and reactions to vaccines. They can also act as an anesthetic for dental, headache, muscle and other types of pain.
• Panadol. Experts classify these suppositories as analgesics. Their use can reduce pain and lower body temperature. You should not use more than 4 suppositories per day. Without consulting a doctor, treatment should last no longer than 3 days.
• Cefcon D. This drug attracts with its affordable price - 50 rubles per pack. The main active ingredient is paracetamol of varying dosages. The effect of use will be felt after 30 minutes. Also great for lowering fever in babies and newborns.

Causes of diarrhea in older children

Diarrhea in older children can be caused by:

• low-quality or prohibited products;
• infectious lesions and acute inflammation;
• lack of food enzymes;
• inflammatory processes;
• helminthic infestations;
• poisoning;
• chronic diseases of the digestive system;
• acute leukemia;
• the use of antibiotics that cause intestinal upset and dysbacteriosis;
• stress;
• strong emotional stress.

What should a mother do if her child has diarrhea without fever for some time? In this regard, Komarovsky says that, most likely, there is a dysfunction of the digestive system, and this may be associated with both physiological and psychological factors. A change in the consistency and color of stool, its becoming watery, and the presence of impurities with a sour odor can be observed as the baby’s menu expands.

Parents are often concerned about the question: “If a child has diarrhea, how to treat it?” Komarovsky advises giving a sick child a medicine that slows down intestinal motility (Loperamide, approved for use from 6 years of age) and supports his microflora (Linex). Before taking medications, you should always consult your doctor. In simple cases, a medical specialist will recommend drinking plenty of fluids instead of anti-diarrhea medications.

Komarovsky explains to his patients that sometimes, against the background of diarrhea, an elevated temperature can be observed, which parents of infants often associate with the eruption of the baby’s first teeth. Indeed, for young children, the growth of new teeth is stress, to which the baby’s body reacts with frequent loose stools.

If parents are sure that indigestion is due to this particular reason, then they can give the baby a medicine that slows down intestinal motility. At the same time, it is recommended to use fastening products: raisin drink or rice water. The main thing is that these products are suitable for the child’s age.

Troychatka from temperature for children

At elevated temperatures, doctors prescribe medications that relieve painful symptoms. Triad is considered one of the most effective remedies for the disease. This is a preparation of three natural herbs.

The troika for fever helps to cope with acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. This remedy can be used when a child has an elevated temperature due to an inflammatory process, seasonal cold or flu.

An example of such a miracle cure is Troychatka from Evalar. This is a specially developed herbal complex of extracts of three herbs with an antiparasitic effect. This drug does not cause allergies in the baby, as it consists of natural ingredients - extracts and flowers of tansy, wormwood and clove buds.

All of the above medical drugs can be purchased, as well as order the manufacture of drugs in the Gubernskiye Pharmacies network at a reasonable price. Place an order in our online store or call 2911-555.

Dysbacteriosis

Intestinal dysbiosis is a deficiency of beneficial bacteria that contribute to the digestion of food, a microbial imbalance. Dysbiosis itself is not a disease, it is only a concomitant factor; in fact, dysbiosis is a violation of the normal function of the stomach - diarrhea.

It is easy to treat children with dysbiosis with special drugs that replace the necessary enzymes for the digestive reaction, as well as with medications that promote the development of beneficial microflora.

To prevent possible poisoning, the newborn is prescribed enterosorbents, activated carbon, Enterol, Smecta. These agents normalize the intestinal microflora and suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

Pediatrician Komarovsky says that for a breastfed baby, the best medicine is mother's milk; it itself is nutrition, a drug for simulating the immune system and a microflora stabilizer.

It is especially important for a nursing mother to follow a diet so that irritating substances do not penetrate through the milk into the baby’s body.

If diarrhea is accompanied by vomiting

Intestinal disorders accompanied by vomiting symptoms, as well as pain in the abdomen (determined by palpation in the epigastric zone), indicate possible poisoning or the presence of harmful microbes in the intestines, causing the development of harmful infections.

The manifestation of vomiting and diarrhea is a kind of attempt by the body to protect itself and get rid of pathogenic microbes that destroy the microflora. The real cause for concern is the unnatural color of stool: green indicates bacterial pathology, black indicates internal bleeding. You should be alarmed if you find bloody discharge or a large amount of mucus in your stool.

At such moments, parents need to give their child plenty of liquid (you can give Regidron) and not force them to eat a lot, since for a weakened body, eating in the usual amount will be a heavy burden. After 8-12 hours, after the end of rehydration therapy aimed at replenishing fluid in the body, you can gradually introduce foods that are easy to digest into the diet: rice, bananas, crackers, dried bread.