Belching in a 3-year-old child: causes and treatment

Frequent belching in infants is quite normal: in children under one year of age, the gastrointestinal tract and belching are still developing; regurgitation is not critical. At a more conscious age, this phenomenon ceases to be the norm and speaks of digestive disorders and pathologies. What can go “wrong” will be discussed below.

In medical reference books, this concept is known as “reflux” - a process when gastric gases or part of food returns back into the esophagus. This is very unpleasant and incorrect from a physiological point of view (everything that gets into the esophagus should not come back out).

Reflux may have a one-time manifestation due to improper food intake, but it can be a sign of pathology. It is necessary to monitor the frequency of belching, the presence of an unpleasant smell, sensations, and the period of occurrence. If there is no hope for your memory, then write down your research in a notebook. What to do if a 3-year-old child has belching?

What it is?

Belching is an unexplained release of air, sometimes with a small amount of stomach contents, through the mouth. This action does not always manifest as pathology. An individual’s stomach is not a hermetically sealed organ and normally contains up to one and a half liters of air inside it, which ensures normal internal pressure. There are two ways to remove air from the stomach, through:

intestines - exits the anus, partially absorbed by the intestinal walls;
esophagus - belching occurs.

When a fairly large amount of food enters the stomach, some of the air comes out of it. This picture is quite natural and indicates normal gastrointestinal motility. If a 3-year-old child burps after eating, when he has had a heavy lunch, several times with air, then this is normal. In addition, reflux:

activates the production of gastric juice;
promotes normal digestion of food;
protects against stretching of the stomach wall.

Sometimes belching becomes frequent and painful, the reasons for which are determined by the doctor.

What medications should children not take to reduce fever?

Nimesulide is prohibited for use in children under 12 years of age. It has a pronounced toxic effect on the liver.

Analgin (metamizole sodium) causes a marked decrease in blood neutrophils, often causing anaphylactic shock. Analgin, unlike other antipyretics, is capable of sharply reducing body temperature to extremely low numbers (34-35°C). It can be taken only in special conditions, under the supervision of a doctor, in the form of injections.

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is strictly prohibited in children under 15 years of age due to the fact that it causes a severe complication with high mortality - Reye's syndrome.

In conclusion, I want to say that all children, sooner or later in their lives, encounter a high temperature. There is nothing wrong with this if you know how to properly help your baby.

Belching, regurgitation and vomiting

All three processes differ from each other at the physiological level. Wherein:

Belching - excess air comes out of the stomach through the mouth due to swallowing it during meals or when consuming a significant amount of food.
Regurgitation is the expulsion of food from the stomach and esophagus without any effort. The child often does not develop negative emotions.
Vomiting occurs when the abdominal muscles tense, the child turns pale, the heart rate increases, and the temperature of the extremities decreases.

Why does the temperature rise during illness?

It must be remembered that high temperature during infection is a protective mechanism. In response to a virus or bacteria entering the blood, the cells of our body begin to produce pyrogens (substances that cause an increase in body temperature, fever). They stimulate certain parts of the nervous system responsible for thermoregulation. The nerve endings of these sections give the blood vessels a signal to contract. This is how the body retains the heat it already has. Therefore, a child with fever looks pale.

At this time, muscle tissue receives a signal for active work. This allows the body to produce more heat. That's why the baby is shivering. When the temperature reaches the optimal level, according to our nervous system, the body gives the command to dilate the blood vessels. The child's skin turns red, the shaking stops, and sweating begins. This happens at approximately 38.5-39°C. Why at these numbers?

Firstly, at this temperature, inflammatory mediators are produced - substances that fight infection in our body.

Secondly, high temperature prevents the growth of bacteria.

It turns out that a high temperature is not at all scary, and is even very useful during an infection. If the child tolerates the elevated temperature well, you can not rush to bring it down, but let the immune system fight the disease.

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Causes of air belching in children aged 3 years

The causes of air reflux in three-year-old children can be completely different. They arise from:

Large amounts of food taken during meals.
Drinking drinks containing gas.
Fatty foods, legumes, garlic, onions.
Wearing tight clothing and tight belts to prevent the stomach from expanding after eating.
Talking while eating.
Intense physical activity, when there is a sharp displacement of the contents of the stomach and some of the air comes out.
Burping of air in a 3-year-old child often occurs due to rapid swallowing and poor chewing.
Emotional overexcitement.
Nervous shock.
Frequent inhalations in the treatment of diseases of the oropharynx.
Diseases of chronic tonsillitis, runny nose. When breathing is difficult, a large amount of air is also swallowed through the nose.
Problems with the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract with strong salivation.
Dental diseases.

Parents need to be very attentive to their child’s behavior and try to notice everything that happens to him, so as not to miss serious complications.

Why does burping have different tastes and smells?

Let us focus on the causes of belching in a 3-year-old child, which has a rotten smell, as well as a bitter and sour taste:

The most unpleasant symptom is considered to be a putrid odor when belching. This means that a fermentation process is taking place in the stomach, caused by the bacteria in it. Low acidity of gastric juice is not able to overcome them. This situation occurs with atrophic gastritis, when the tissue of the gastric mucosa is damaged and the number of glands that produce gastric juice decreases.
Bitter taste. It most often arises from the content of bile in the esophagus. Bile is produced in the liver and through special ducts; it enters the duodenum to digest food. With some disorders of the digestive organs, a reverse flow of bile is observed, and it, overcoming the resistance of the sphincter, is thrown into the stomach and esophagus. The cause of belching in children can be physical activity after eating, pancreatitis, overeating, blockage of the bile ducts and taking certain medications.
Sour taste. Appears when gastric juice refluxes into the esophagus. This is possible with stomach ulcers and gastritis.

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosing an infant is especially difficult because they cannot tell what symptoms are bothering them. The doctor asks the parents about their general condition, what suspicious symptoms they noticed, and what the temperature is. Then he conducts an examination and asks parents about feeding issues.

After this, a series of examinations are prescribed; they are also prescribed for older children after an oral interview.

Usually one, or more often several, diagnostic methods are prescribed:

general blood test - allows you to identify the presence of an inflammatory process and evaluate other indicators;
other blood tests, if necessary after general blood tests;
stool analysis;
gastroscopy;
ph-metry – to determine the level of acidity;
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
colonoscopy;
respiratory tract studies.

Gastroscopy is the most accurate method for diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases, but it is poorly tolerated by small children; first you need to make sure that the child is conscious and able to lie still and not move during the procedure.

Based on the results, the doctor makes a diagnosis. All these diagnostic methods are not prescribed. After an examination and medical history, the doctor makes an assumption about the cause of the belching, then, if it turns out to be gastrointestinal diseases, he prescribes a study of the digestive system; if there is a suspicion of bacterial infection, a study of the respiratory tract.

The most difficult cases are when examination reveals a neoplasm in the gastrointestinal tract. After a detailed ultrasound, CT, MRI, and gastrobiopsy (chemical analysis of a piece of mucous membrane) may be prescribed.

Stomach pain and belching of air

When swallowing, a slight rush of air occurs into the stomach, normalizing the pressure inside it. Then the excess is gradually released through the mouth in small portions. But if belching is accompanied by pain in the solar plexus area, this indicates pathological changes in the diaphragm. Frequent air reflux after eating and pain can occur due to the formation of a hernia. The lower section of the esophagus passes through the diaphragm, therefore, when food moves, due to a violation of the sphincters, gastric juice is thrown into the esophagus, causing not only frequent belching of air in the child, but also:

burning in the throat;
bitter taste in the mouth;
erratic heart rhythm.

Sometimes stomach pain is not at all related to the functioning of the digestive organs. Some nervous and cardiovascular ailments also cause belching of air after eating. Factors that provoke the release of gas include:

cardiospasm;
neurosis;
failure: vascular or cardiac.

All of the above disorders of the child’s body require immediate treatment.

Proper feeding of a baby

To relieve an infant from belching, the doctor may advise the mother on how to feed him. Although spitting up and belching are normal up to 8-9 months, if they are too frequent or excessive, the problem may be due to maternal mistakes. Its task is to help the baby swallow less air when he eats. To do this, you must follow these rules:

keep the baby in an elevated position, but lift him low;
apply the breast correctly so that not only the nipple is in your mouth;
do not start feeding when he cries or is capricious, first calm the baby down;
do not overfeed if the child cannot stop on his own, take the breast, despite the whims;
When feeding milk from a bottle, choose containers that have a special valve that prevents the swallowing of air.

If a child chokes as a result of burping, there is no need to panic, but inaction is also dangerous. Experts advise the mother to take a reclining position and place the baby on top. If this happens while eating, take him in your arms, stretching your leg between your legs, with your back to you, tilt him forward a little, and tap him on the back.

Gastrointestinal diseases

Attentive parents will always notice disturbances in the child’s gastrointestinal tract. Problems may be accompanied not only by the release of gases accumulated in the stomach through the mouth, but also by abdominal pain, and possibly diarrhea. Frequent belching in a 3-year-old child occurs as a result of various pathological conditions:

A hernia located in the esophageal opening of the diaphragm. In this case, part of the stomach and esophagus is displaced into the chest cavity. Due to disruption of the sphincters, acidic contents from the stomach are thrown into the esophagus, causing reflux and heartburn.
Pancreatitis in both acute and chronic forms. Inflammation of the pancreas leads to a malfunction in its functioning. Food stagnates in the intestines, fermentation begins with increased formation of gases exiting through the mouth.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease. When it occurs, stomach contents regularly reflux into the esophagus. This factor provokes heartburn and belching after eating in a 3-year-old child.
Ulcerative lesions of the duodenum or stomach. In addition to belching and heartburn, a sick child often experiences hunger and night pain in the stomach, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.
Neoplasms of malignant and benign nature. Tumors in the gastrointestinal tract compress organs, increasing pressure, which leads to the appearance of reflux.

If frequent belching occurs in a child, it is necessary to examine him to diagnose the disease and prescribe therapy.

Pathological causes

The pathological reasons that lead to the child constantly belching after eating are processes that disrupt the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Most often they manifest themselves in the following diseases of the digestive system of the body:

pancreatitis;
Bulubit;
gastritis;
esophagitis;
intestinal obstruction;
hiatal hernia;
neoplasms in the organs of the digestive system;
ulcer and pre-ulcerative condition of the stomach and/or duodenum.

In addition to gastrointestinal diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular system are considered pathological causes of childhood belching, but this occurs less frequently. An accompanying symptom is cough. Belching causes a bitter taste in the mouth, difficulty breathing, causing the child to cough.

Reference. Cardiovascular diseases in childhood are often congenital, and symptoms such as belching can help parents recognize them if they have not yet been diagnosed.

Belching rotten eggs in a child

Belching rotten eggs can be caused by low-quality products containing sulfur. This category includes products that contain protein: meat, fish, eggs, milk, vegetables, cereals. Belching is usually accompanied by diarrhea. Disruption of the digestive system can lead to dehydration, so urgent measures must be taken. Severe belching in a 3-year-old child, which has the smell of rotten eggs, occurs with the following diseases:

Salmonellosis is one of the most well-known causes of burps that smell like rotten eggs. The disease is accompanied by a sharp rise in temperature, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The disease is infectious, so treatment of the child must be started immediately.
Poisoning - ranks second after salmonellosis in the frequency of occurrence of belching with the smell of rotten eggs. The disease is accompanied by diarrhea, intoxication, and vomiting.
Inflammation of the pancreas - a lack of enzymes inhibits the process of digesting food, and its fermentation begins.
Inflammatory process of the gastric mucosa - microflora is disrupted.
Poor nutrition – overeating meat and fatty foods. To belching are added symptoms of intoxication associated with its fermentation.
Lack of bile – delays the digestion of food.
Individual intolerance to foods - they are not digested, causing fermentation and related symptoms.

The list of factors that provoke belching of rotten eggs can be continued. Here are the most common cases where hydrogen sulfide is produced.

Belching food in a 3 year old child

Many children do not get used to kindergarten well and have a hard time with the adaptation period. The baby is nervous, which contributes to spasmodic muscle contractions. After eating, he sometimes burps air, and more often undigested food, and vomiting is also possible. Over time, the child gets used to the living conditions in the kindergarten, and the stressful state goes away. After this, as a rule, colds begin. A weak immune system cannot cope with the invasion of pathogens. The baby has a sore throat and a runny nose.

He does not breathe through his nose, and when breathing through his mouth, an excess amount of air accumulates in the stomach and the child burps air. A large concentration of children in the kindergarten and failure to observe proper hygiene contributes to infection with helminths, which cause allergic reactions, coughing and belching. In addition, serious gastrointestinal pathologies occur, one of the clinical manifestations of which is belching.

Advice from Dr. Komarovsky

Belching - the involuntary release of accumulated air in the stomach through the mouth - can occur in a child up to ten times a day. Reflux without odor or other unpleasant symptoms is normal and beneficial. It helps strengthen the motility of the digestive organs, relieves the child of excess gases that stretch the stomach and cause pain. Belching accompanied by other symptoms, nausea, abdominal pain, bad breath, indicates problems with the functioning of the digestive system. If a child has belching at the age of 3, Dr. Komarovsky advises parents to take the following actions:

Adjust your diet: avoid overeating, eat often and in small portions.
Teach your child to chew food thoroughly. Without developing such a skill in childhood, an individual will have problems with the gastrointestinal tract as an adult.
Remove unhealthy foods from the menu: carbonated drinks, snacks.
Maintain a rest and wakefulness routine.
After eating, a short break is necessary before outdoor games.
Physical activity and daily walks are required.
Maintain a calm environment in the house so that the child can completely relax.

If following the above tips does not solve the problem, then medical help is needed.

How to properly use antipyretic drugs for children?

It should be clarified that antipyretic drugs in children are used only when there is already a high temperature. A course of treatment to prevent an increase in body temperature, for example 3 or 4 times a day, does not make sense. There are many trade names and dosage forms adapted for use by children:

For babies under one year old, antipyretic in the form of suppositories is more suitable. It must be remembered that the effect of drugs in this form occurs somewhat later than that of drugs that are administered orally;
syrups and solutions are produced for children over one year old;
Children over 7 years old can already take medications in the form of tablets.

In the instructions for the drugs, a single dose of the drug is usually indicated on average for the age of the child. But it is more correct to calculate the dose not by age, but by weight. Different babies at the same age can vary significantly in weight.

You should know that when taking an antipyretic, the temperature should not reach normal levels. A decrease in temperature of at least 1 degree is considered effective. But, even if the temperature has decreased to a lesser extent, and the child’s well-being has improved, this is already a positive effect from taking an antipyretic.

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Belching and vomiting

Frequent belching in a 3-year-old child, heartburn, and then vomiting may indicate disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract. The same symptoms indicate a child’s nervous state and stress. In addition, the following situations are possible:

The disorder is caused by overeating. Belching and vomiting are accompanied by painful sensations in the abdominal area.
Increased acidity. Vomit consists of a liquid with a sour odor and a slight admixture of food matter.
Failure of the evacuation-motor function of the stomach. Vomit has a sour or rotten taste.

All cases require medical attention. A vomiting reaction can lead to dehydration of a child's body.

Belching that occurs constantly

Why does a 3 year old child burp? There are many reasons for this phenomenon, as noted earlier. But if it constantly torments the child, then this is most likely due to indigestion, when gases are produced in excess quantities during the digestion of food. This is possible in the following cases:

The child washes down food with plenty of water. As a result, he swallows a lot of air and chews it poorly.
Low or high stomach acidity. In the first case, the child is tormented by belching, which has a putrid sulfuric taste, and in the second, a sour or bitter taste. In addition, heartburn, nausea and stomach pain appear.
Gastritis occurs at any age and even in a child as young as 3 years old. Constant belching with a putrid, rotten smell is one of the symptoms of this disease. It is accompanied by aching or sharp pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and rapid satiety.

If persistent reflux with odors is detected in a child, an urgent consultation with a doctor is necessary; the diseases can be very serious.

How to get rid of belching in a child

To get rid of belching after eating, which is caused by physiological reasons, it is necessary to establish the process of eating and follow the principles of proper nutrition. If the problem concerns an infant, the mother needs to improve nutrition. You may have to stick to a strict diet for a while if your doctor prescribes it.

To normalize the eating process you need to:

eat slowly, chewing thoroughly;
do not be distracted by TV or conversations while eating;
do not allow your child to eat junk food, especially fast food;
limit the consumption of sweets and flour;
do not overeat;
if the child is fed breast milk, remove the breast before he refuses it;
observe the rules of hygiene, wash your hands before eating;
Do not give your child mushrooms, smoked meats, or other foods that adults eat, but are prohibited for children.

If, after diagnosis, it turns out that constant belching is one of the symptoms of a gastrointestinal tract disease, cardiovascular system, or gallbladder dysfunction, the root cause must be eliminated. As soon as the inflammatory process is eliminated, all symptoms of the disease, including belching, will disappear. Therapy is prescribed individually, taking into account the nature of the disease, emerging complications, age, and characteristics of the child.

Hiccups and belching

Hiccups are a failure of external respiration associated with involuntary contraction of the diaphragm and simultaneous closure of the epiglottis. In most cases it occurs suddenly. Hiccups appear in a child when:

emotional stress;
hypothermia;
overeating.

It is rarely considered a symptom of pathologies. Belching, on the contrary, never occurs suddenly. Its appearance is associated with food intake, and is provoked by various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Hiccups, accompanied by belching, are most often a symptom of some disease associated with poor nutrition and nervous shock. And hiccups and belching in a 3-year-old child are often signs of overeating or eating dry food.

Prevention

Preventive measures to prevent burping in a child are aimed at preventing feeding errors and preventing gastrointestinal diseases.

The first group includes the following recommendations for parents:

do not give your child foods or drinks that increase gas formation, especially soda;
do not cook fatty, fried, spicy foods;
limit the consumption of sweets;
if a certain product causes belching, it is better to completely abandon it;
wash your hands before eating and follow other hygiene rules;
feed your baby at the same time every day;
avoid overfeeding.

To prevent belching caused by diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to pay attention in time to any signs of deterioration in health, and regularly visit doctors, including a gastroenterologist for preventive purposes. If any disease of the digestive system is diagnosed, after treatment the doctor may prescribe a certain diet, possibly for life; his recommendations must be followed.

Although belching is considered normal in some cases, for example, when overeating or in infants under 8 months, it can sometimes be a sign of serious health problems for the child. It is important to know the reasons that provoke belching and monitor the feeding of the baby. If you suspect any disease, you must consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Sour belching in a child

A child may experience sour belching:

Immediately after eating. The reason is incomplete closure of the valve between the esophagus and the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric juice is thrown into the esophagus.
After half an hour, there may be a lack of enzymes for digesting food, the fermentation process begins and acidic gases are released. The problem is related to problems with the pancreas.
One hundred and twenty minutes after eating. The presumptive diagnosis is gastritis with increased acidity of gastric juice.

To eliminate belching in a 3-year-old child, first of all, the cause of acid reflux is determined. In this case, you cannot do without a doctor’s prescription, but parents also need to be attentive to their child and choose suitable products for him in order to eliminate the unwanted symptom.

Kinds

The specific smell of belching allows you to determine the disease that provoked the release of air from the stomach into the oral cavity. Typically, children aged 3 years and older can describe the symptoms that bother them. It is important for parents to find out whether a specific aftertaste remains in the mouth.

Indigestion in a child and its treatment

There are three types of belching:

Sour. It is a sign of hyperacidity – there is too much acid in the child’s stomach. This indicates the presence of diseases of the digestive system such as gastritis, ulcers, and, less commonly, other gastrointestinal diseases associated with high acidity.
Bitter. Belching with bitterness is most often a sign of bile entering the stomach. Most often, this indicates diseases such as gastroduodenitis, mechanical injuries, which put pressure on the duodenum and bile flows back into the stomach. Sometimes bitterness during belching occurs in pregnant women, when internal organs are also compressed and cause bile to leak.
Smells like acetone. Usually the smell is so strong that it can be felt even from a distance; parents can notice it. In most cases, the cause of such belching is diabetes. This disease directly affects the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract: it provokes stagnation of food masses in the stomach, food moves through the esophagus and stomach with delays. Due to these failures, belching appears with the smell of acetone.

If the burp has no odor, but symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea appear, this may be a sign of food poisoning. If it occurs in a child under 2 years of age, it is necessary to immediately go to the hospital. Older children can be given first aid at home by washing the stomach, giving sorbents, and drinking plenty of fluids.

Belching and gas in babies

Reflux and gases occur in babies at any age. When the digestion process is disrupted, increased release of gases occurs. And their increased formation and reflux occur when consuming large amounts of fiber and swallowing air during meals. To eliminate the problem, it is necessary to change the child’s diet. Eliminate foods that contain a lot of carbohydrates:

all types of cabbage;
peas, beans, beans;
carbonated drinks;
some fruits (apples, pears, peaches).

To get rid of belching it is recommended:

do not engage in outdoor games immediately after eating;
eat slowly and in small portions;
don't talk while eating.

If the condition does not improve after the measures taken and pain appears in the abdominal area, then you should consult a gastroenterologist.

How to “bring down” a high temperature correctly?

You should start by wiping with water slightly warmer than room temperature. In emergency cases with very high numbers, you should not be afraid of a cool shower. It is strictly not recommended to wipe children with alcohol solutions or vinegar. The surface of a child's skin absorbs substances to a much greater extent than that of an adult. Treating the skin in this way can cause poisoning.
The baby should be given enough water. A lack of moisture in the body reduces sweating. This means that the body cannot fully give off heat and overheats.

The room of a sick child should be cool - optimally no higher than 21°C. Otherwise, the body will not be able to give off heat fully.

Do not wrap a sick child tightly. If the baby is shivering, this does not mean that he is cold. Do not cover it with a thick blanket and wear many layers of warm clothing.

If physical cooling methods are not effective enough. It makes sense to switch to using antipyretics.

Belching treatment methods

Treatment of any disease, including belching in children, begins with diagnosis, during which the causes of the ailment are identified. In addition, even before a diagnosis is made, a diet is prescribed. It is advisable for parents to remove foods that cause bloating, as well as carbonated drinks, from the diet, reduce single servings and switch to 5 or 6 meals a day. After diagnostics have been carried out and an accurate diagnosis has been established, appropriate therapy is carried out. Treatment is used depending on the type of belching:

Air - eliminated by simply following a diet and correct behavior of the child while eating.
With a sour or bitter taste, indicating excessive secretion of gastric juice, they are treated with alkalizing agents, which will be prescribed by the attending doctor.
Belching of food in a 3-year-old child with the smell of rotten eggs, indicating gastrointestinal diseases (stomach ulcers, gastritis, intestinal microflora disorders), is eliminated by therapy using a therapeutic diet, enzymes, and gymnastics. In extreme cases, surgical treatment is resorted to.
An unpleasant, rotten odor and bitter taste are treated with medications recommended by a gastroenterologist, additionally using therapeutic exercises and dietary nutrition.
Those that appear before meals are eliminated by using the missing lactobacilli, which normalize the disturbed intestinal flora.
Accompanying heartburn can be eliminated with proper nutrition, avoiding overeating. For more serious causes (pancreatitis, gastritis, cholecystitis), complex treatment is prescribed by a gastroenterologist.

All therapy is carried out strictly under the supervision of the treating doctor.

Which thermometer is best to use to measure temperature?

There are three types of thermometers used to measure a child's body temperature:

mercury is the most common thermometer. Its advantage is that such a device measures temperature more accurately than others. The downside is fragility. This is the least preferred way to measure temperature in children. A mercury thermometer is easy to break. The baby may be injured by shrapnel. And mercury is dangerous to health;
electronic - a simple, modern and convenient thermometer. It is the one that is preferable for children. The downside may be its accuracy. Before using the device for its intended purpose, you should compare its readings with the readings of a mercury thermometer. Take several measurements with both devices on a healthy, adult family member. If the readings differ by no more than 0.1°C, then such a thermometer can be placed in a home medicine cabinet;
infrared - the advantage of such a thermometer is that it is more accurate than an electronic one. Measures temperature quickly. You don’t need to hold it for a long time, you just need to apply it to the skin for a few seconds. It is very convenient for kids. And also for older children, when you need to measure their temperature while they sleep. The downside is the price - this is the most expensive option. There are different types of infrared thermometers. Some need to be pressed against the skin, others measure temperature at a certain distance from the surface. These thermometers have attachments for measuring temperature in the ear, mouth, and rectum.

For accurate measurements, it is important to use the thermometer correctly. The mercury thermometer must be pressed firmly against the skin. It must be held until the mercury stops rising. Electronic thermometers usually have an audible signal at the end of the measurement. You definitely need to wait for him.